Real estate market is a complex system. A rational real estate market is not only helpful to people's living standards but also beneficial to countries’ macroeconomic stability. Is Chinese real estate market rational? This paper attempts to study the efficiency of Chinese real estate market by using the complexity-entropy binary causal plane method. We firstly discuss the formation mechanism of real estate price, which provides a theoretical basis for testing the efficiency, and compute the real estate market efficiency of 70 main Chinese cities. The results show that neither the whole market nor the main cities have reached the weak efficiency, and the efficiency and complexity of each city are different, and the relationship between them is significantly negative. In addition, this paper also compares the efficiency and complexity of Chinese real estate market with American real estate market. Then, some suggestions for the healthy development of Chinese real estate market in the future are put forward.
Risk measures based on the trading option prices in the market are forward-looking, such as VIX. We propose a new method combining distorted lognormal distribution with interpolation to price options accurately and then estimate tail risk. Our method can price the option of any strikes between the maximum and the minimum value of strikes in the real market, which reduces the instability and inaccuracy of using the limited option to measure the risk. In addition, our novel method treats the underlying asset price as a stochastic indicator rather than a fixed indicator as described in previous research studies for risk measurement. Moreover, even if the available sample size is very small, we can measure the risk stably and precisely after interpolation. Finally, the empirical test results of SP500 market show that this method has good performance, especially for the option markets with sparse strikes.
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