The elicitor Hrip1 isolated from necrotrophic fungus Alternaria tenuissima , could induce systemic acquired resistance in tobacco to enhance resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. In the present study, we found that the transgenic lines of Hrip1 -overexpression in wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana were more resistant to Spodoptera exigua and were early bolting and flowering than the WT. A profiling of transcription assay using digital gene expression profiling was used for transgenic and WT Arabidopsis thaliana . Differentially expressed genes including 40 upregulated and three downregulated genes were identified. In transgenic lines of Hrip1- overexpression, three genes related to jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis were significantly upregulated, and the JA level was found to be higher than WT. Two GDSL family members ( GLIP1 and GLIP4 ) and pathogen-related gene, which participated in pathogen defense action, were upregulated in the transgenic line of Hrip1 -overexpression. Thus, Hrip1 is involved in affecting the flower bolting time and regulating endogenous JA biosynthesis and regulatory network to enhance resistance to insect.

To the Editor Drs Zhai and He presented an interesting and well documented case of a person in their 50s with persistent chest pain, ST-segment elevation, and QTc interval prolongation. 1 The authors provided a thorough explanation of the electrocardiographic mechanism of ST elevation, which was caused by the artifact of right radial artery pulsation. However, this article points out that "the artifact due to the electrode's intermittent contact with the patient's skin during systolic pulsation of the radial artery was recorded on the ECG." This finding, referred to as an arterial pulse-tapping artifact, is generated by the movement of the electrode with each pulsatile motion of blood flow through the right radial arterial. A pulsetapping artifact demonstrates an electromechanical association with the QRS complex and a fixed coupling-interval after the QRS complex, which represents the time delay between cardiac systole and peripheral pulse perfusion. Therefore, it is obvious that the right radial artery raises the clip-cuff electrode in diastole rather than systole, resulting in electrocardiogram artifact.Electromechanical association artifact is an electrocardiogram artifact in which an arterial pulsation distorts the underlying electrocardiogram waveforms. Because it is "heartmade," it is synchronous with underlying rhythm and does not separate with the native electrocardiographic waveformsgenerally expected from artifacts because their cycle length and the underlying rhythm are usually different. This association causes a consistent distortion of the underlying wave pattern and can mimic myocardial infarction. 2