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Abstract-This paper discusses the characterization of landmine by using the electromagnetic induction technique (EMI). The proposed approach is based on the identification of the physical and geometrical properties of a landmine, from the sensor response. But in such an identification, the inverse problem is unavoidable. At first, we begin by simulating the landmine signature by solving a direct problem using the finite element method which constitutes the direct model. After that, we determine the landmine characteristics by using an inverse model based on a cost function optimization. This model is based on an iterative process which coupling finite element analysis and Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this step, we apply two PSO techniques: the Standard PSO (SPSO) and the Improved PSO (IPSO), and discuss the problem of local minima of the cost function. The proposed iterative model is applied to determine the conductivity, geometry, and depth of metallic landmine from its signature measured by EMI. The numerical solution gives good results for the identification of landmine.