This article provides a comprehensive review of current research activities that concentrate on one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures—wires, rods, belts, and tubes—whose lateral dimensions fall anywhere in the range of 1 to 100 nm. We devote the most attention to 1D nanostructures that have been synthesized in relatively copious quantities using chemical methods. We begin this article with an overview of synthetic strategies that have been exploited to achieve 1D growth. We then elaborate on these approaches in the following four sections: i) anisotropic growth dictated by the crystallographic structure of a solid material; ii) anisotropic growth confined and directed by various templates; iii) anisotropic growth kinetically controlled by supersaturation or through the use of an appropriate capping reagent; and iv) new concepts not yet fully demonstrated, but with long‐term potential in generating 1D nanostructures. Following is a discussion of techniques for generating various types of important heterostructured nanowires. By the end of this article, we highlight a range of unique properties (e.g., thermal, mechanical, electronic, optoelectronic, optical, nonlinear optical, and field emission) associated with different types of 1D nanostructures. We also briefly discuss a number of methods potentially useful for assembling 1D nanostructures into functional devices based on crossbar junctions, and complex architectures such as 2D and 3D periodic lattices. We conclude this review with personal perspectives on the directions towards which future research on this new class of nanostructured materials might be directed.

In this Review, we aim to provide an updated summary of the research related to hollow micro- and nanostructures, covering both their synthesis and their applications. After a brief introduction to the definition and classification of the hollow micro-/nanostructures, we discuss various synthetic strategies that can be grouped into three major categories, including hard templating, soft templating, and self-templating synthesis. For both hard and soft templating strategies, we focus on how different types of templates are generated and then used for creating hollow structures. At the end of each section, the structural and morphological control over the product is discussed. For the self-templating strategy, we survey a number of unconventional synthetic methods, such as surface-protected etching, Ostwald ripening, the Kirkendall effect, and galvanic replacement. We then discuss the unique properties and niche applications of the hollow structures in diverse fields, including micro-/nanocontainers and reactors, optical properties and applications, magnetic properties, energy storage, catalysis, biomedical applications, environmental remediation, and sensors. Finally, we provide a perspective on future development in the research relevant to hollow micro-/nanostructures.

Inorganic chemistryInorganic chemistry Z 0100 One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications -[238 refs.]. -(XIA*, Y.; YANG*, P.; SUN, Y.; WU, Y.; MAYERS, B.; GATES, B.; YIN, Y.; KIM, F.; YAN, H.; Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 15 (2003) 5, 353-389; Dep. Chem., Univ. Wash., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Eng.) -Schramke 22-236

The poor stability of CsPbX (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) has severely impeded their practical applications. Although there are some successful examples on encapsulating multiple CsPbX NCs into an oxide or polymer matrix, it has remained a serious challenge for the surface modification/encapsulation using oxides or polymers at a single particle level. In this work, monodisperse CsPbX/SiO and CsPbBr/TaO Janus nanoparticles were successfully prepared by combining a water-triggered transformation process and a sol-gel method. The CsPbBr/SiO NCs exhibited a photoluminescence quantum yield of 80% and a lifetime of 19.8 ns. The product showed dramatically improved stability against destruction by air, water, and light irradiation. Upon continuous irradiation by intense UV light for 10 h, a film of the CsPbBr/SiO Janus NCs showed only a slight drop (2%) in the PL intensity, while a control sample of unmodified CsPbBr NCs displayed a 35% drop. We further highlighted the advantageous features of the CsPbBr/SiO NCs in practical applications by using them as the green light source for the fabrication of a prototype white light emitting diode, and demonstrated a wide color gamut covering up to 138% of the National Television System Committee standard. This work not only provides a novel approach for the surface modification of individual CsPbX NCs but also helps to address the challenging stability issue; therefore, it has an important implication toward their practical applications.

2005 Ion exchange V 1350Cation Exchange Reactions in Ionic Nanocrystals. -The cation exchange reaction of CdSe with Ag + to yield Ag2Se occurs completely and reversibly in nanocrystals at room temperature with unusually fast reaction rates. The crystal structure and morphology of the reaction products are strongly dependent on the size and shape of the nanocrystals. -(SON, D. H.; HUGHES, S. M.; YIN, Y.; ALIVISATOS*, A. P.; Sci.