Circular RNA 40S ribosomal protein S28 (circRPS28; hsa_circ_0049055) is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, its role remained uncovered in the progression of PTC. Above all, expression of circRPS28 was determined in PTC samples by real-time quantitative PCR and circRPS28 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and cells. Besides, circRPS28 was predominantly distributed in the cytoplasm. Functional experiments were launched using colony formation assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, transwell assays, scratch wound assay, and flow cytometry. As a result, blocking circRPS28 restrained PTC cell viability, EdU positive cell rate, colony formation number, wounding healing rate, and numbers of migration and invasion cells, accompanied with apoptosis rate promotion. These effects paralleled with low B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 level and high Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and MMP9 levels, as analyzed by western blotting. Overexpressing microRNA (miR)-345-5p exerted similar roles to circRPS28 silencing. Notably, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed the target relationship between circRPS28 and miR-345-5p, miR-345-5p and frizzled family receptor 8 (FZD8). Downregulating miR-345-5p abrogated effects of circRPS28 blockage in PTC cells, and restoring FZD8 counteracted miR-345-5p roles, either. Furthermore, xenograft tumor model was established in mice, and exhausting circRPS28 delayed the growth of PTC cells in vivo by regulating miR-345-5p and FZD8. In conclusion, we demonstrated that blocking circRPS28 and/or promoting miR-345-5p suppressed PTC cell growth and motility via regulating FZD8. This study might suggest a novel circRPS28/miR-345-5p/FZD8 competing endogenous RNA pathway in PTC.

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Objective: To explore the mechanism of circRNA-vgll3 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: BMSCs cells were transfected with circRNA-vgll3, and divided into circRNA-vgll3 high-level group, circRNA-vgll3 low-level group, and negative control group (circRNA-vgll3 not transfected) according to the amount of transfection. The proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs osteoblasts in each group were analyzed, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen gray value, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Runx2 protein, and mRNA expression levels were detected. Results: The circRNA-vgll3 low-level group had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BMSCs osteoblasts, and the apoptosis rate of the circRNA-vgll3 low-level group was significantly higher than that of the circRNA-vgll3 high-level group ( P < 0.05 ); ALP activity, type I collagen gray value, BMP-2, Runx2 protein, and mRNA expression levels in the high-level circRNA-vgll3 group were significantly higher than those in the low-level circRNA-vgll3 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overexpression of circRNA-vgll3 can promote the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs, while low expression of circRNA-vgll3 can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs. The main mechanism of action is that circRNA-vgll3 can affect osteogenic differentiation by regulating the Runx2 protein.

Abstract. The global methane pledge paves a fresh, critical way toward Carbon Neutrality. However, it remains largely invisible and highly controversial due to the fact that planet-scale and plant-level methane retrievals have rarely been coordinated. This has never been more essential within a narrow window to reach the Paris target. Here we present a versatile spaceborne architecture to address this issue. Using this framework, we patrol the world, like the United States, China, the Middle East, and North Africa, and simultaneously uncover methane-abundant regions and plumes. These include new super-emitters, potential leakages, and unprecedented multiple plumes in a single source. More importantly, this framework is shown to challenge official emission reports that possibly mislead estimates from global, regional, to site scales, particularly by missing super-emitters. We reveal that this framework can enable ready-made satellites to initiate monitoring of the global methane pledge immediately and is also versatile for upcoming stereoscopic measurements and artificial intelligence techniques.