On a global scale, pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. According to the GLOBOCAN data, approximately half a million people were diagnosed and died from pancreatic cancer in 2018. 1 The most prevalent histological subtype of pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma, with the cancer of the pancreatic head accounting for a majority of cases (60-70%). At the time of diagnosis, approxi-mately 80-85% of individuals with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are ineligible for curative treatment. 2 Survival and response rates to treatment remain low due to the unique pathological features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors that have shown efficacy in other types of cancer have not been significantly beneficial in advanced pancreatic cancer, except in indi-69 69 69

We investigated the prognostic and predictive effects of the ABO blood group system on patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Material and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the data on the patients with known ABO blood group, who were administered nivolumab for mRCC, were reviewed. The tumor response rates and survival were analyzed based on the ABO blood group. Results: A total of 89 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 57 (range: 24-83 years) years, and 67% (n=60) of the patients were male. Moreover, 43%, 18%, 9%, and 30% of the patients had blood groups A, B, AB, and O, respectively. Our study had a median follow-up time of 11 months. Although the groups did not differ significantly in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to the blood groups, patients who had the B blood type survived longer. For patients with blood types A, B, AB, and O, the median PFS was 5.3 months, 8.4 months, 3.7 months, and 7.8 months, respectively (p=0.8), and the median OS was 14.5 months, 20.3 months, 12.0 months, and 16.5 months, respectively (p=0.8). Conclusion: Although the groups did not differ significantly according to the ABO blood group, the patients with the B blood group survived relatively longer. These results suggested that further studies with more patients should be conducted.

This study aimed to assess two oxidative stress (OxS) markers, thiol-disulfide (TD) homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), in newly diagnosed metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Material and Methods: This was a prospective casecontrol study including two groups: 30 cases each of histopathologically confirmed metastatic PC patients and healthy controls. Serum TD and IMA levels were measured and compared in both groups. Moreover, the association between TD and IMA levels, as well as overall survival (OS) in the patient group, were investigated. Results: Both native thiol (NT) and total thiol (TT) levels significantly decreased in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.016 and p=0.009, respectively). However, disulfide (D) and IMA levels were similar between the two groups (p=0.056 and p=0.068, respectively). Both the D/NT and D/TT ratios were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.005 and p=0.004, respectively) than in the control group. Additionally, no association was observed between IMA, TD homeostasis, and OS. Conclusion: Our results showed that increased OxS levels affected PC progression. With the development of newer targeted therapeutics for OxS, the progression of PC in individuals with higher genetic risk may be prevented.