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Nativization of English in the Outer and Expanding Circles manifests itself in mixing of English items in artistic expressions of various kinds, including fiction, poetry, and performances. Popular songs present many instances of Hindi-English mixing in India, ranging from alternate verses in the two languages to the two languages mixed at the level of words, phrases, idioms, etc. In East Asian languages, such as Japanese and Korean, English is mixed to achieve specific purposes, e.g.

In studies on code-mixing considerable attention has been paid to certain genres of writing in prose. However, there is a paucity of studies on how code-mixing and the resulting code variation may be exploited in various types of poetic creativity. This paper examines the Hindi poetry of the last three decades to determine the effects-aesthetic and other-of such language and dialect mixing in which English is one partner. This programmatic study focusses on the following: style repertoire in the context of Hindi literature; functions of code-mixed varieties in Hindi literary works in general; analysis of illustrative texts with mixing from English in poetic works by Madan Vatsyayan, Muktibodh, and others; and finally, the implications for sociolinguistics of such investigations from linguistic and stylistic perspectives.