A novel demonstration of an all-optically controllable dye-doped liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fiber (DDLCIPCF) is presented. Overall spectral transmittance of the DDLCIPCF can decrease and then increase with a concomitant red-shift of the spectrum curve with increasing irradiation time of one UV beam. Continuing irradiation of one green beam following UV illumination on the DDLCIPCF can cause the transmission spectrum to recover completely. The reversible all-optical controllability of the photonic band structure of the fiber is attributable to the isothermal planar nematic (PN)→scattering (S)→isotropic (I) and I→S→PN state transitions of the LCs via the UV-beam-induced trans→cis and green-beam-induced cis→trans back isomerizations of the azo-dye, respectively, in the cladding of the DDLCIPCF. The photoinduced appearance of the S state and the variation of the index modulation between the core and the cladding of the fiber result in the variation of overall spectral transmittance and the shift of transmission spectrum, respectively.

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Background: An infant is an individual who possesses his/her own innate personality. Crying is a form of communication, an expression of emotions and temperament. Our study aims to predict an infant’s temperament in the early stage by analyzing the crying sound after painful stimulation of vaccination. Methods: We analyze three types of information: (i) the crying sounds caused by the pain stimuli from being injected with a Hepatitis B vaccine, (ii) the answers provided by the parents in a temperament assessment scale (TAS) questionnaire, and (iii) backend analyses of the audio signals of the crying sounds. These data are subjected to correlation analyses, T-tests, and normal distribution for deriving the relationship between crying and temperament. Results: The results show that the manifestations of an infant’s temperament may be affected by the living environment and feeding habits. A tendency exists for a group of infants with similar and focused crying sounds to have higher average scores for three of nine temperament traits: approach or withdrawal, intensity of reaction, and quality of mood. Conclusions: An infant’s crying sounds in response to a pain stimulus can be used to predict his/her temperament in terms of the three aforementioned traits.