Aim of the study  To evaluate the role of micronized purified flavanoid fraction and ethanol Graptophyllum pictum extract in the treatment of anal ulcer. Method  Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Groups 2, 3 and 4 the anus were induced with croton oil, but was not induced on group 1. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with normal saline, while groups 3 and 4 were treated with micronized purified flavanoid fraction, and ethanol G. pictum extract, respectively. On 9th days blood sample were taken from the retro-orbital region, and Wistar was killed by cervical dislocation under ether anesthesia. The anal canal was resected up 2 cm from anal opening, weighted, photographically taken to measure the percentage of residual ulcer, and then prepared for microscopic examination. Elisa methods were done for superoxide dismutase and malondialdedhyde. The total leukocyte in the anal specimen was counted under 400 magnification power. superoxide dismutase, anal coefficient, and total leukocyte for statistical analysis were using ANOVA and LSD, while malondialdedhyde and percentage of ulcers were using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney. Result  Treatment with ethanol G. pictum extract dose of 100 mg/kg BW significantly reduces the percentage of anal ulcer, the edema, leukocyte infiltration, and malondialdedhyde, and increase the superoxide dismutase in comparison without treatment. Treatment with micronized purified flavanoid fraction did not reduce the leukocyte, anal coefficient, and percentage of anal ulcer, only increase malondialdedhyde and decrease superoxide dismutase significantly.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum. There are two kinds of surgery which are laparotomy and laparoscopy. This course of action had a significant effect on the length of stay, surgical site infection, and intraperitoneal adhesion. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison between laparotomy and colorectal cancer laparoscopy with the length of stay, surgical site infection and intraperitoneal adhesion. The researcher used a cross sectional design. The sample for this study was taken from the medical record data of colorectal cancer patients in Dr. Kariadi Semarang from 2013 to 2018. The data were collected using purposive sampling technique. There were 57 samples that included inclusion and exclusion criteria with 28 details of laparoscopy and 29 samples of laparotomy. Numeric-scale data were tested for normality of data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and found abnormal data using the Mann Whitney test. Nominal scale data were processed using the non-parametric Chi-Square test and it significant if p<0.05. There is a difference in length of stay and frequency of occurrence of surgical site infections and intraperitoneal adhesion between laparotomy and laparoscopy.