Both ionic liquids and water are typical green solvents. In this work, the phase behavior of the ternary system consisting of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6), TX-100, and water was determined at 25.0 degrees C. The water-in-bmimPF6, bicontinuous, and bmimPF6-in-water microregions of the microemulsions were identified by cyclic voltammetry method using potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6 as the electroactive probe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the UV-vis method were used to characterize the microemulsions. It was demonstrated that the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the bmimPF6-in-water microemulsions is nearly independent of the water content but increases with increasing bmimPF6 content due to the swelling of the micelles by the ionic liquid. The UV-vis further confirmed the existence of water domains in the water-in-bmimPF6 microemulsions, and the salt potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6 could be dissolved in the water domains.

Novel uniform-sized, core-shell ZnO mesocrystal microspheres have been synthesized on a large scale using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method in the presence of the water-soluble polymer poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The mesocrystal forms via a nonclassical crystallization process. The intrinsic dipole field introduced by the nanoplatelets as a result of selective adsorption of the polyelectrolyte on some polar surfaces of the nanoparticles acts as the driving force. In addition, it plays an important role throughout the mesoscale assembly process from the creation of the bimesocrystalline core to the apple-like structure and finally the microsphere. Our calculation based on a dipole model confirms the dipole-field-driven mechanism forming the apple-like structure.