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BackgroundCurrently, there are many studies focusing on the influencing factors of the elderly people’s living arrangements or health status, but little is known about the relationship between living arrangements or health status and long-term care models for the old-age, especially the joint effects.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the effects of health status and living arrangements on long-term care models (LTCM) among the elderly of Xiamen, China, especially their cumulative joint effects.MethodsA total of 14,373 participants aged ≥ 60 years by multistage sampling in Xiamen of China were enrolled. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds ratios (ORs) regressing LTCM on health status and living arrangements using the Anderson model as theoretical framework.ResultsTotally, 14,292 valid questionnaires were obtained, of which 86.37% selected home care. With the increase of disability degree, older people are more likely to choose institutional care, compared to living alone (ORs = 1.75, 2.06, 4.00, 4.01 for the “relatively independent’, “mild disability’, “moderate disability’, and “total disability’, respectively, in comparison with “completely independent’). The elderly living with children and other family members preferred to choose home care. (ORs = 0.50, 0.39, 0.40, and 0.43 for the “living with children’, “living with spouse’, “living with children and spouse’, and “living with others’, respectively, in comparison with “alone’). Additionally, residence, number of children, education level, and feelings of loneliness were the determinants of the choice of social pension.ConclusionA multitude of older people are trended to choose home care in Xiamen of China. There was an interaction and joint effect between the degree of disability and the living arrangements on LTCM. Therefore, policymakers should pay close attention to care for those living alone, childless, and disabled elders to meet their care needs, especially in home care. In addition, the social construction of facilities for elders in rural areas should be strengthened.

With continuous development of the Chinese health care system, the doctor–patient relationship is increasingly tense in recent years. China has witnessed a surge in medical disputes, including many widely reported violent riots, attacks, and protests in hospitals. This study aimed to help to theorize the doctor–patient relationship based on the game theory, and analyze the current situation and influencing factors for medical disputes among different hospitalsA total of 17 hospitals were randomly selected in Xiamen city, including 8 tertiary hospitals and 9 secondary hospitals. All medical dispute cases, between 2012 and 2014, were collected through questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with medical disputes.In total, 896 medical dispute cases happened in 2012 to 2014, 733 (81.8%) of which occurred in tertiary hospitals. Medical disputes mainly were reported in the departments of obstetrics and gynecology (24.9%). The main causation of medical disputes was improper communication (24.0%) in tertiary hospitals and lower therapeutic skills (43.7%) in secondary hospitals, respectively. The negotiated rate (91.4%) in secondary hospitals was significantly higher than the tertiary hospitals (54.8%). The patients’ age, occupation and the doctor's medical location, professional title were the main risk factors for the occurrence of medical violence.Relationships between doctors and patients have become worse increasingly, whereas doctor–patient disputes or conflicts and their compensation have aggrandized year by year. The game relationship of doctor–patient is noncooperation, dynamic, and incomplete information game, and the advantages of cooperation are far greater than the competition between doctors and patients. Therefore, we need to take targeted measures to prevent and control the medical disputes by establishing a harmonious doctor–patient relationship in different levels of medical institutions.