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Thanks to the advantages of cleanliness, high efficiency, extensive sources, and renewable energy, hydrogen energy has gradually become the focus of energy development in the world's major economies. At present, the natural gas transportation pipeline network is relatively complete, while hydrogen transportation technology faces many challenges, such as the lack of technical specifications, high safety risks, and high investment costs, which are the key factors that hinder the development of hydrogen pipeline transportation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and summary of the current status and development prospects of pure hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipeline transportation. Analysts believe that basic studies and case studies for hydrogen infrastructure transformation and system optimization have received extensive attention, and related technical studies are mainly focused on pipeline transportation processes, pipe evaluation, and safe operation guarantees. There are still technical challenges in hydrogenmixed natural gas pipelines in terms of the doping ratio and hydrogen separation and purification. To promote the industrial application of hydrogen energy, it is necessary to develop more efficient, low-cost, and low-energy-consumption hydrogen storage materials.