This study aimed to reveal: (1) the characteristics of items of Chemistry Test in National Examination by using the classical test theory and item response theory; (2) the amount of cheating which occured by using Angoff's B-index Method, Pair 1 Method, Pair 2 Method, Modified Error Similarity Analysis (MESA) Method, and G2 Method; (3) the methods that detect more cheating in the implementation of the Chemistry Test in National Examination for high schools in the year 2011/2012 in Maluku Province. The results of the analysis with the classical test theory approach show that 77.5% items have item difficulty functioning well, 55% items have discrimination yet qualified and 70% items have distractor that works well with the index reliability test of 0,772. The analysis using the item response theory approach shows that 14 (35%) items fit with the model, the maximum function information is 11,4069 at θ = -1,6, and the magnitude of the error of measurement is 2,296. The number of pairs who are suspected of cheating is as follows: 13 pairs according to Angoff's B-index Method, 212 pairs according to Pair 1 Method, 444 pairs according to Pair 2 Method, 7 pairs according to MESA Method, and 102 pairs according to G2 Method. The most widely detecting cheating in a row is a   Pair 2, Pair 1, G2, Angoff's B-index, and MESA.

Assessment is a very important part of a learning process. To conduct the assessment, teachers have to design a test. To retrieve a quality of a test, a physics teacher needs to do the items analysis. There are several ways of doing items analysis which including the analysis of difficulty index, discrimination index, and analysis of the validity and reliability. This research is a descriptive study that aims to describe systematically and accurate information on the actual situation in this case about the difficulty index, discrimination index, validity and reliability of the items. The variables analyzed were the quality of teacher-made tests physics.  The results of this study indicate that physics teacher-made tests have low validity, reliability moderate or medium, high difficulty index, and poor discrimination index

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) karakteristik butir soal Kimia Ujian Nasional berdasarkan teori tes klasik dan teori respon butir; (2) besarnya  kecurangan yang terjadi dengan menggunakan Metode Angoff's B-index, Metode Pair1, Metode Pair2, Metode Modified Error Similarity Analysis (MESA) dan Metode G2; (3) metode yang lebih banyak mendeteksi adanya kecurangan dalam pelaksanaan UN Kimia tingkat SMA/MA Negeri tahun pelajaran 2011/2012 di Provinsi Maluku. Hasil analisis dengan pendekatan teori tes klasik menunjukkan 77,5% butir memiliki tingkat kesulitan butir berfungsi baik, 55% butir daya bedanya belum memenuhi syarat, dan 70% butir memiliki pengecoh berfungsi baik dengan indeks reliabilitas tes 0,772. Analisis dengan pendekatan teori respons butir menunjukkan 14 (35%) butir cocok dengan model, fungsi informasi maksimum 11,4069 pada θ = -1,6, dan besarnya kesalahan pengukuran 2,296. Jumlah pasangan yang diduga curang adalah: menurut Metode Angoff's B-index ada 13 pasangan, menurut Metode Pair1 ada 212 pasangan, menurut Metode Pair2 ada 444 pasangan, menurut Metode MESA ada 7 pasangan, dan menurut Metode G2 ada 102 pasangan. Metode yang paling banyak mendeteksi kecurangan secara berturut-turut adalah: Metode Pair2, Metode Pair1, Metode G2, Metode Angoff's B-index, dan Metode MESA. Kata kunci: ujian nasional, karakteristik butir, metode kecurangan ______________________________________________________________ AN ANALYSIS OF METHOD OF CHEATING ON  LARGE TEST SCALEAbstract This study aimed to reveal: (1) the characteristics of items of Chemistry Test in National Examination by using the classical test theory and item response theory; (2) the amount of cheating which occured by using Angoff's B-index Method, Pair 1 Method, Pair 2 Method, Modified Error Similarity Analysis (MESA) Method, and G2 Method; (3) the methods that detected more cheating in the implementation of the Chemistry Test in National Examination for high schools in the academic  year 2011/2012 in Maluku Province. The results of the analysis with the classical test theory approach show that 77.5% items have item difficulty functioning well, 55% items have discrimination  that has not  met the requirement yet, and 70% items have distractor that works well with the index reliability test of 0,772. The analysis using the item response theory approach shows that 14 (35%) items fit with the model, the maximum function information is 11,4069 at θ = -1,6, and the magnitude of the error of measurement is 2,296. The number of pairs who are suspected of cheating is as follows: 13 pairs according to Angoff's B-index Method, 212 pairs according to Pair 1 Method,  444 pairs according to Pair 2 Method, 7 pairs according to MESA Method, and 102 pairs according to G2 Method. The most widely detecting cheating in a row is a Pair 2 Method, Pair 1 Method, G2 Method, Angoff's B-index Method, and MESA Method. Keywords: national examination, items characteristics, methods of cheating

The purpose of this study was to analyze the principal's leadership strategy in improving school quality, to determine the impact of implementing the principal's leadership strategy in improving school quality and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the principal's leadership strategy and program in improving school quality in one of the private school in West Java. This research uses qualitative research methods. The steps taken in this research process include (1) determining the type of data, (2) determining data sources, (3) determining data collection methods and techniques, (4) determining data analysis techniques, and (5) checking techniques for validity testing data. The time of this research was carried out for 3 months starting from the first week of August until the end of October 2022. Within 3 months the researchers hoped to be able to collect the data needed to answer the problems in this study. The school principal has created useful and effective programs and strategies to improve quality schools. The strategies that have been formulated by the school principal referring to situational leadership theory in the R4 Leadership model (delegating/observing) have gone well and been carried out effectively and efficiently and are very influential for improving the quality of schools. The implementation of these programs and strategies continues to be intensively improved by the school. The impact of implementing the principal's leadership strategy and program can be seen from the school's achievements, namely in the academic and non-academic fields. The principal as a manager is capable of managing his school by dividing tasks and authorities and involving all interested parties.

The purpose of this research is to know thestudent learningoutcomes of grade X SMA KARTIKA XIII-1 AMBON as well as knowing there is a difference whether or not the results of student learning using cooperative type Team Games Tournament(TGT) with type Make a Match as the learning model.This research is the comparison research which the sample consists of two classes, the class was given further study of chemistry at the consept of moles materials, first classexperiment (X-1) using the cooperative type Team Games Tournament(TGT) and in secondclass experiment (X-2) using the cooperative type Make a Match as the learning model. Based on the results of the study gained note that both models of learning that can enhance the learning outcomes of students, it can be seen from the success of the qualifications obtained from both the class when there has same qualification of 75% of students are on completed qualifying, 25% of students are on failed qualifying, with average from X-1 class used Type TGT is 66.125 and X-2 class used Type Make a Match is 57.3125. Hypothesis test data derived from posttest both class indicates the value significance of 0.25 (> 0.05) this a value of H0received and value of H1 rejected so it can be concluded there is no difference in student learning outcomes are either the cooperative type Team Games Tournament (TGT)and type Make a Match as the learning model.