As a further step towards the modernization of acupuncture, the objective of this review was to figure out the frequency and severity of adverse complications and events in acupuncture treatment reported from 1980 to 2013 in China. All first-hand case reports of acupuncture-related complications and adverse events that could be identified in the scientific literature were reviewed and classified according to the type of complication and adverse event, circumstance of the event, and long-term patient outcome. The selected case reports were published between 1980 and 2013 in 3 databases. Relevant papers were collected and analyzed by 2 reviewers. Over the 33 years, 182 incidents were identified in 133 relevant papers. Internal organ, tissue, or nerve injury is the main complications of acupuncture especially for pneumothorax and central nervous system injury. Adverse effects also included syncope, infections, hemorrhage, allergy, burn, aphonia, hysteria, cough, thirst, fever, somnolence, and broken needles. Qualifying training of acupuncturists should be systemized and the clinical acupuncture operations should be standardized in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of acupuncture accidents, enhance the influence of acupuncture, and further popularize acupuncture to the rest of the world.

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Introduction: Frailty has become a worldwide health burden that has a large influence on public health and clinical practice. The incidence of frailty is anticipated to increase as the aging population increases. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is associated with short-term and long-term mortality. The incidence of MINS in geriatric frail patients is unknown. Methods and analysis: This prospective, multicentre, real-world observational cohort study will be conducted at 18 designated centres in China from January 2023 to December 2024, with an anticipated sample size of 856 patients aged 65 and older who are scheduled to undergo noncardiac surgery. The primary outcome measure will be the incidence of MINS. MINS is defined as a fourth-generation plasma cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration ≥ 0.03 ng/mL at least once within 30 days after surgery, with or without symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. All data will be collected using research electronic data acquisition. Discussion This study will explore the incidence of MINS in frail patients. The characteristics, predictive factors and 30-day outcomes of MINS in frail patients will be further investigated to lay the foundation for finding clinical interventions. Clinical trial registration: https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05635877 , NCT05635877