Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent primary central nervous system diseases in the world. This pathology is classified into two principal axes: topographic and etiological. In most cases, the diagnosis of an epileptic seizure can be made clinically by obtaining a detailed history and general physical examination, with neurological and psychiatric emphasis. Methods: This is the literature review study, whose bibliographic research was carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo and Epileptic Seizures: the challenge continues