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The microstructures of binary Cr/Cr2Nb alloys doped with 0.1 at- rare earth element (REE) Y were characterised by fine interlamellar spacing, and the growth morphology of Cr2Nb primary phase was transformed from faceted to non-faceted. Moreover, the lamellar spacing was observed to decrease with the decreasing of solidification rate with the addition of REE Y. Furthermore, the mechanical tests showed that the addition of REE Y has a beneficial effect on the room temperature fracture toughness of Cr2Nb/Cr alloys. The room temperature fracture toughness of the Y doped Cr/Cr2Nb hypoeutectic and hypereutectic alloys increased by ∼130 and 140 over that of the undoped alloys respectively, which was caused by the refinement of lamellar eutectic and strengthening of lamellar eutectic bonding strength.