PurposeXEN gel stents are used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG), including primary and secondary glaucoma that are uncontrolled by previous medical therapy and cases with previous failed surgery. Our aim was to systematically review of the clinical data of currently published ab-interno XEN gel stents with an emphasis on intraocular pressure (IOP), antiglaucoma medication outcomes, and safety profiles.MethodsWe analyzed all of the publications (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) on the ab-interno XEN gel stent to evaluate the reduction in IOP and antiglaucoma medications following the procedure. The primary outcomes measured for the meta-analysis were reduction in IOP and anti-glaucoma medications. The secondary outcome were adverse events. For each study, we used a random effects analysis model to calculate the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals for the continuous results (reduction in IOP and antiglaucoma medications) using the inverse variance statistical method.ResultsFive hundred twenty-seven articles were checked and 56 studies were found to be relevant with a total of 4,410 eyes. There was a significant reduction in IOP as well as in the number of medications required in patients treated with ab-interno XEN implant either alone or combined with cataract surgery. This new treatment for various types of glaucoma reduced the IOP by 35% to a final average close to 15 mmHg. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in the number of antiglaucoma medications in all the studies, approximately 2 classes of medication at the price of more needlings. The overall complete success rate was 21.0–70.8% after 2 years using strict criteria originally designed to record success rate in filtration surgery. The incidence of complications vision-threatening was low at <1%.ConclusionsXEN gel stent was effective and safe for primary and secondary OAG. Further studies should be performed to investigate the impact of ethnicity on the success and failure rate after XEN implantation.

Studies have confirmed the ineffectiveness of sentiment expressions generated by sellers in improving guests’ purchasing intentions. However, how sentiment expressions can influence guest behavior and host performance remains unclear, given the relative importance of seller-generated content in peer-to-peer rental platforms. After collecting data from Airbnb and developing empirical models, this study confirmed that hosts’ sentiment expressions largely benefit from their online performance. This case is especially true when their properties did not receive high-quality negative reviews. To further reveal the mechanism behind this effect, we further conducted two experiments. Results show that trust plays an intermediary role in the relationship between hosts’ sentiment expressions and guests’ purchasing intentions. This work contributes to tourism literature and property owners on peer-to-peer rental platforms in practice.

Background: To investigate the anterior segment parameters before and after cataract surgery in open-angle eyes and different subtypes of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes and to further explore the potential relationship between the anterior rotation of the ciliary process and crystalline lens. Methods: An observational, prospective study was performed on 66 patients who had cataract surgery including 22 chronic PACG patients, 22 acute PACG patients, and 22 open-angle cataract patients. Anterior segment parameters including the trabecular-ciliary process distance, ciliary process area, trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA), maximum ciliary body thickness (CBTmax), and so on, were measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Results: After the surgery, there were significant increases in TCA (p < 0.001) and CBTmax (p < 0.05) in all three groups, while there was no significant change in the trabecular-ciliary process distance (p > 0.05) in all three groups. No significant difference in the changes of ciliary process area, TCA, and CBTmax (p > 0.05) pre- and postoperatively among the three groups were identified. Conclusions: Extractions of crystalline lenses played similar roles in terms of decreasing the anterior rotation of ciliary processes in open-angle eyes and angle-closure eyes. A natural anatomical abnormality may be a more important factor in the anterior rotation of ciliary processes in PACG patients.

Purpose To investigate the presence of the vitreous zonule (VZ) in different subtypes of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) and to explore the relationship between VZ and anterior chamber angle characteristics. Methods Patients with clinical diagnoses of acute primary angle-closure (PAC)/PAC glaucoma (APAC[G]) or chronic PAC/PAC glaucoma (CPAC[G]) and healthy subjects were enrolled. A total of 300 eyes of 180 subjects were included. Anterior segment parameters and the presence of the VZ were assessed by ultrasound biomicroscopy. The presence of VZ was compared among different subtypes of PACD. Anterior segment parameters were compared between eyes in vitreous zonule group (VZG) and no vitreous zonule group (NVZG). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the presence of VZ. Results APAC(G) eyes had lower VZ presence compared to the fellow eyes of APAC(G) ( P < 0.001). VZ was more likely to be seen in the eyes of healthy subjects and PAC suspect than in the eyes of PAC and PAC glaucoma (PACG) ( P < 0.05). NVZG had shorter angle opening distance 500/750 ( P < 0.001), smaller trabecular iris angle 500/750 ( P < 0.001), smaller trabecular-iris space area 500/750 ( P < 0.001), smaller trabecular–ciliary angle ( P = 0.009), smaller iris area ( P = 0.010), and greater lens vault ( P = 0.004) compared to VZG. Greater lens vault (LV) was independently associated with absence of VZ (odds ratio = 0.253; 95% confidence interval, 0.109-0.586; P = 0.001). Conclusions VZ was less likely to be observed in PAC/PACG eyes. PACD eyes with less VZ had narrower angle, more anteriorly rotated ciliary body, and greater LV.