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A deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride (ChCl)-urea) was chosen to extract flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaves (F MO L), the condition of extraction was tailor-made, under the optimal extraction conditions (material-to-liquid ratio of 1:60 g/mL, extraction time of 80 min, extraction temperature of 80 °C), the highest extraction efficiency reached 63.2 ± 0.3 mg R/g DW, and nine flavonoids were identified. Then, the biological activities including antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities, and anti-tumor activities were systematically studied. F MO L was superior to positive drugs in terms of antioxidant activity. As to DPPH investigation, the IC 50 of F MO L and Vc were 64.1 ± 0.7 and 176.1 ± 2.0 µ g/mL; for the ABTS, the IC 50 of F MO L and Vc were 9.5 ± 0.3 and 38.2 ± 1.2 µ g/mL, the FRAP value of F MO L and Vc were 15.5 ± 0.6 and 10.2 ± 0.4 mg TE/g, and ORAC value of F MO L and Vc were 4687.2 ± 102.8 and 3881.6 ± 98.6 µ mol TE/g. The bacteriostatic (MICs were ≤ 1.25 mg/mL) activities of F MO L were much better than propyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Meanwhile, F MO L had comparable inhibitory activity with genistein on tumor cells, IC50 was 307.8 µ g/mL, and could effectively induce apoptosis in HCT116. Microcapsules were prepared with xylose-modified soybean protein isolate and gelatin as wall materials; after that, the intestinal release of modified F MO L microcapsules was 86 times of free F MO L. Therefore, this study confirmed that F MO L extracted with ChCl/urea has rich bioactive components, and microencapsulated F MO L has potential application in food industry. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-023-03877-8.

A 5kw gasoline generator was converted into gas generator that could run on pipeline natural gas. A fire-restrain device and pressure reducer are designed to ensure safety. The measures such as increasing the compression ratio, enlarging spark advance and using a high-energy ignition are taken to improve the performance of the engine running on gas. Experiment has been done to compare the performances of the generator running on gasoline or natural gas. The result shows that the emission and economy of the generator are better when it runs on natural gas than that on gasoline.

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