The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and crops is considered to be a severe environmental problem due to its various harmful effects on animals and plants.

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In this paper, under the background of big data era, the theory and operation methods of data analysis and visualization and their important value in the field of data science are described, and the relationship between them is necessary. Besides, the convenience and shortcomings of using python as a tool for data analysis are analyzed. Finally, the development trend of data analysis and visualization is prospected.