Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides have been widely used for years to be protected from the harmful effects of insects and control disease vectors. In this study, the potential effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, against the potential toxicity of permethrin, an effective pyrethroid derivative, on the fetus were investigated. In the study, Wistar female rats were divided into four groups Control, Sham, Permethrin, and Permethrin + Resveratrol. The lung, liver, kidney, and small intestine development of fetuses were evaluated histopathologically. Also, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) in bone tissue development and Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (FGF-1) expressions in the lung were examined immunohistochemically. All structures in the control and sham groups were normal. Permethrin caused epithelial damage, regression in bronchial and primitive alveolar development in the lung; congestion, edema, and sinusoidal dilatation around the central vein in the liver; tubular epithelial degeneration, regression in glomeruli and tubule formation in the kidney; epithelial degeneration and irregularity in the villus structure in the small intestine. Immunohistochemical results indicated that permethrin administration decreased BMP-4 levels in bone tissue and FGF-1 levels in the lung. After resveratrol application was found to greatly alleviate histopathological and immunohistopathological variability in all tissues. Oral consumption of permethrin by pregnant rats caused growth retardation and tissue damage in many different tissues in offspring. Intake of resveratrol during pregnancy showed protective effects against fetotoxicity caused by permethrin.
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