<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most frequent injuries of the knee during different sports activities. Arthroscopic surgical reconstruction is the current standard of care for treatment of ACL injuries in young and active patients. The widespread adoption of ACL reconstruction over primary repair was based on early perception of the limited healing capacity of the ACL. Hamstring tendon is most favoured graft for ACL reconstruction. We wanted to study the outcomes particular method of fixation for fixing the hamstring tendon.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study 30 patient with ACL injury were treated arthroscopically for the fixation of graft in bone tunnel we use endobutton for femur and suture disc for tibia as suspensor implant and prospective assessment of functional outcome using Tegner Lysholm knee scoring system.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The preoperative activity level could be maintained in 70% of the patients. The Lysholm score showed very good and good results in 80%. Functional and stability results in about 70% of the patients.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>This surgical technique can be recommended for the active patient with ACL deficiency. The functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled semitendinosus tendon autograft using Endobutton and suture disc is good. This method of fixation will help the graft to facilitate graft tunnel healing and also maintain its strength until there is a good graft to bone healing occurs completely.

Objective: To study the association of facet joint angulation and joint tropism with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) through a comparison with a matched control group. Methods: This radiographic study was carried out in 2 groups of 45 patients each. Group A contained patients with single-level DS, while group B (control) contained non-DS patients with similar age and degeneration who underwent surgery for disc prolapse or lumbar stenosis. DS was diagnosed based on translation of ≥ 3 mm on standing lateral radiography. Axial magnetic resonance imaging from L3 to S1 was utilized to assess the angulation of facet joints in relation to the coronal plane; a difference of ≥ 8° was considered to indicate tropism. Results: Among 45 patients with DS, 15 were males and 30 females. Their mean age was 62.2 years. Facet tropism was identified in 20 of 45 patients at the level of DS, 12 patients at a level proximal to DS, and 15 patients at a level distal to DS. Facet tropism was found in 7 of the 45 patients in group B. At L3-4, facet tropism was observed in 13 patients (28.88%) in group A and 2 (4.44%) in group B. At L4-5, tropism was observed in 19 patients (42.22%) in group A and 5 (11.11%) in group B. At L5-S1, tropism was seen in 17 patients (37.77%) in group A and 2 (4.44%) in group B. Group A showed a significantly higher prevalence of multilevel facet tropism and tropism at levels adjacent to the DS level. A higher average angulation of facet joints was observed in the DS group, but the difference was not statistically significant at all levels. Conclusion: The present study documented a statistically significant relationship between facet tropism and DS. A higher prevalence of facet tropism was also found in DS patients at non-DS levels, which is a novel observation. This finding supports the argument that facet tropism is a pre-existing morphological variation contributing to the development of DS, not a result of secondary remodelling.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fractures of patella account for 1% of all skeletal injuries. There is no universal accepted treatment for patellar fractures. After a fracture of the patella, the best results are obtained by accurate reduction and stable internal fixation. Partial or total patellectomy is generally indicated when the patella is so severely comminuted that an accurate reduction and reconstruction of the retropatellar joint surface cannot be achieved.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective study of 50 cases of patellar fractures was carried out at the department of orthopaedics for the period from May 2015 to December 2017. The maximum period of follow up was 18 months with a minimum period of follow up of 5 months (average 11.68 months). Operative treatment was done in patella fractures for more than 2 mm of articular displacement or 3 mm of fragment separation. Surgical options includes internal fixation with tension band wiring with k wire and partial patellectomy with extensor mechanism repair.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We have studied 50 patients where 7 cases were treated conservatively. In the present series 22 patients were treated with internal fixation out of which 13 patients had excellent results. 6 patients had good results. 21 patients were treated with partial patellectomy where 6 patients had excellent results, 11 patients had good and 4 patients had fair results.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patella should be preserved and Osteosynthesis whenever possible has better chance for excellent results. A good surgical technique, optimal operation room environment and judicious use of antibiotics will reduce the possibility of infection.</p>

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