The enlarged central part M–H loop shows for the Co = 0.09 doped ZnO sample, the ferromagnetic (FM) behavior increased, i.e., a Mr of 0.2412 emu g−1 with a Hc of 85 Oe.

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In present work, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been reported by utilizing tri-sodium citrate (TSC) as reducing and stabilizing agent. The effect of temperature and molar ratio of silver salt (AgNO3) and TSC has been studied on the size and morphology of nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis.), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Biological evaluation of the optimized AgNPs against strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria showed low to moderate values of inhibition zones as compared to standard rifampicin.

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