The relationship between essential fatty acid [EFA] status and degree of hyperbilirubinaemia and oxidant stress in infants and children with chronic liver diseases was evaluated. Thirty patients with chronic cholestasis and 30 with liver cirrhosis were examined; 30 healthy subjects served as controls. Patient groups had significant decreases in EFAs and significant elevation of total bilirubin. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly raised and were significantly inversely correlated to decreased EFA levels. There were also significant decreases in retinol, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol/total lipids ratio, which had significant positive correlations with decreased EFA levels. Infants and children with chronic liver diseases have a high risk of EFA deficiency correlated with progressive elevation of serum bilirubin and progressive deterioration of oxidant status

To evaluate mandibular incisor orthodontically induced root resorption OIRR during accelerated tooth movement via low level laser therapy utilizing CBCT. Materials: 26 female subjects with an age range between 18-25 years (average 21.5years) with mandibular anterior irregularity index ranged from 4 to 10mm were divided into two equal groups, 13 per group; group A (laser) and group B (control). CBCT images were acquired for each patient, at (T0) before treatment commencement and (T1) after complete alignment as indicated by Little's irregularity index less than 1. Each subject received the following archwire sequence Cu-NiTi (0.014, 0.016, 0.016x0.022 inch) and 0.019x0.025 inch St.St. Laser applications for the laser group were at 3, 7, 14 days and 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 months. The control group as a placebo received light application at the same timings. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between the two groups. Intra and inter-observer reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: As regards the mandibular right and left central and right lateral incisors there was no significant difference between amount of OIRR in the laser group and the control group. Whereas, mandibular left lateral incisor in the laser group showed statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean amount of OIRR than control group. Conclusion: There was no clinically significant difference regarding orthodontically induced root resorption between the laser group and the placebocontrol group during alignment phase.