If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers perceive the trustworthiness of halal certifications from various Muslim and non-Muslim countries, a topic highly disregarded despite the size of the market and the importance in penetrating the multibillion market. Design/methodology/approach -A customized factorial design was employed to measure main effects of brand familiarity, country trustworthiness and country favourability and interaction effects. Findings -Although Indonesia and Malaysia are Muslim countries, they are not perceived as trustworthy as others such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait for the consumer product under study. The perception of trustworthiness of halal certification of origin explains the highest proportion of the variance in the preference for a product, followed by the interaction of country favourability and brand name country of origin (COO). Research limitations/implications -Managers of international companies should be aware that not all halal country certifications are equally perceived as trustworthy therefore, they should seek alliances, with institutions in markets where they seek to penetrate. Practical implications -The procedure for certification considers the whole value chain rather than just simple ritual of slaughtering. Managers have a big responsibility to produce their products according to the expected standards (and this goes beyond the simple slaughtering ritual) and make sure that all employees understands the importance of such adherence. Social implications -Muslim consumers' preferences vary according to the COO of halal products, even within Muslim countries therefore, halal certification country-of-origin is a sensitive social concern. Originality/value -This research is based on COO and brand familiarity frameworks, and it extends the knowledge in a context (halal products) not frequently explored.

Thermoelectric inhomogeneity is the spatial variation of the Seebeck coefficient along a thermoelement. It is often considered to be the largest contribution of an uncertainty budget in thermocouple calibration. In this work, investigations of inhomogeneities were performed on single thermoelements, using a heater with short movable heating zones (two-gradient method). We chose platinum wires which are commonly used in noble metal thermocouples and copper wires which are available in good homogeneity and which are commonly used in base metal thermocouples. The results of different investigations of the thermoelements are presented.

Abstract. The dissemination of traceability to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) through comparison calibration of thermocouples, is playing an important role in metrology institutes, secondary laboratories and industrial measurements. The previous studies of the Pt/Pd thermocouples at NIS-Egypt, shows promise of achieving significant improvements uncertainty of temperature measurements up to 960 • C. In this paper we describe the uncertainty assessment on the measurements of the calibration of Pt/Pd thermocouples at fixed point cells up to the freezing point of copper and by the comparison technique following a defined heat treatment at 1100 • C. All the measurements on Pt/Pd thermocouples were carried out using NIS facilities.

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Eutectic fixed points are close to becoming a reference for high temperatures calibration, especially as the new International Temperature Scale (ITS) approach to issue after the re-definition of the Kelvin unit. In this work the long-term stability of Co-C and Pd-C eutectic fixed points were investigated using NIS-Egypt facilities. The eutectic points were measured using Pt/Pd thermocouple. The total exposure to the Co-C and Pd-C melting temperature was about 200 h for the fixed-point cell and 150 h for the Pt/Pd thermocouple. The emfs of the thermocouple at the melting point were observed to drift by about 0.25 °C. Realization uncertainties were estimated to be ~ 0.446 ◦C for Co-C and ~0.742 for Pd-C (k = 2). Results show that Co-C and Pd-C eutectic cells can exhibit long term stability.