Background: About 15% of couple worldwide suffering from infertility. The testicular ultrasound with color Doppler and transrectal (TRUS) good diagnostic tool in evaluation of infertile males with hypo spermia and obstructive azoospermia. Aim of The Work: to evaluate role of trans rectal ultrasonography and scrotal ultrasonography with color Doppler in infertility diagnosing in men with low semen volume. Patients and Methods: This study included 120 infertile male patients with azoospermia or hypo spermia, the age of the patients in this study ranged from 17 years to 63 years. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, laboratory investigation and radiological examination including (TRUS, scrotal ultrasound associated with color duplex). Results: According to TRUS and scrotal ultrasonograpy with color Doppler findings, 7.5 % of the 120 patients evaluated were normal, where as 92.5 % of the patients had abnormal findings. 9.9% of patients had hypoplastic seminal vesicles, while 24.3% had dilated seminal vesicles, (21.6% of them associated with dilated and ejaculatory duct). Congenital bilateral absent vas 1.8%, while congenital unilateral missing vas affected 0.9 %. Prostatic midline cyst was found in 5.4%, and prostatic calcification was found in the same percentage. In 32.4% with left side varicocele , and 17.1% with bilateral varicocele, while 3.6% of cases are left testicular atrophy and 1.8% bilateral testicular atrophy. Conclusion:Transrectal and scrotal ultrasonography with color Doppler found to be effective diagnostic method in evaluation of infertility with low seminal volume.

Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) can undergo laparoscopy without international precautions. This case report describes an ET with a mild increase in the platelet count that developed after laparoscopic surgery and prolonged intraperitoneal bleeding. The patient underwent intensive postoperative medical and surgical treatments until cured. Patients with ET should provide informed consent for post-laparoscopic bleeding. Surgeons should perform optimal hemostasis. Further studies are required to provide clear guidelines for both medical and surgical interventions aimed at preventing thrombo-hemorrhagic complications associated with ET. A preoperative study of platelet function and the selection of the best cytotoxic drug for the perioperative period are mandatory.