religiosity, problem-focused coping and general self-efficacy seem to be good predictors of satisfaction with clinical internship in rehabilitation students.

Background Challenges related to rearing children with intellectual disability (ID) may cause mothers of these children to have mental health status problems. Method A total of 124 mothers who had a child with ID and 124 mothers of typically developing children were selected using random sampling. Data were collected using General health questionnaire, NEO five-factor inventory, islamic religiosity scale and WOCQ questionnaires.Results Mothers of children with ID had lower general health than mothers of typically developing children. Neuroticism predicted the general health of the two groups of mothers. Among religious tendencies, religiosity and religious disorganization predicted the general health of mothers of children with ID and of mothers of typically developing children, respectively. Coping strategies did not predict general health in any group of mothers. Conclusions Compared to personality dimensions and coping strategies, religiosity seems to be a good predictor of general health of mothers with children with ID in Iran.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to investigate some psychometric characteristics of Secondary Trauma Questionnaire (STQ) in the wives of warfare victims. Methods Children of warfare victims living in Yazd, Esfahan, Shiraz, and Ahvaz and studying at Shahed and Isargar Schools of present in these cities in 2011-12 academic year were the target population for this study. Of this population, 379 subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Secondary Trauma Questionnaire (STQ), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Mississippi PTSD Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were used to collect the data. Confirmation factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data. Results Findings of confirmation factor analysis revealed that STQ, similar to the one approved by the developers of this scale had a one-factor structure in Iranian samples. Face validity of STQ using item impact method and content validity of this scale using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were confirmed. There were significantly high correlations among the STQ scores of participants and STSS, PTSD Scale, and DASS that approved the convergent validity of the scale (P<0.01). By using STQ, we were able to discriminate the group of subjects with high mental health from those with low mental health (discriminant validity). Conclusion The Farsi version of secondary trauma scale was valid and reliable for the wives of Iranian warfare victims.

Background & Aims: Many nurses are involved in work-family conflicts due to the nature of the nursing profession and high workload. Identification of the factors related to work-family conflict can help reduce or control this conflict. Compassion fatigue and moral distress are some of the factors that may affect the work-family conflict of nurses. This study aims to determine the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between compassion fatigue, moral distress and work-family conflict among nurses. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study population includes all married nurses from eight public hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Of these, 159 were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the subscale of compassion fatigue in the professional quality of life scale, the moral distress scale, the work-family conflict scale, and the self-differentiation inventory-short form. They were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Compassion fatigue, moral distress and self-differentiation could significantly predict work-family conflict in nurses (P<0.05). Self-differentiation was not only directly related to work-family conflict, but also indirectly affected it by reducing moral distress and compassion fatigue. Conclusion: Self-differentiation skills can help reduce the compassion fatigue and moral stress in nurses and thus reduce their work-family conflicts.

Introduction: Addiction is recognized as one of the major public health concerns around the world, with various negative consequences for individuals and communities. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of existential anxiety in the relationship between childhood emotional trauma, social support, and tendency to change in addicts. Method: In this correlational study, structural equation modeling was applied. The study population consisted of male and female addicts, presenting to rehabilitation centers in Yazd Province, Iran, in 2019. Two-hundred addicts were selected using available sampling among individuals presenting to the rehabilitation centers of Yazd Province. To collect data, the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire by Wims et al. (2004), Childhood Injury Questionnaire by Bernstein et al. (1994), Perceived Social Support Scale by Zimet et al. (1988), and Miller and Tunigan’s Change Tendency Questionnaire (1996) were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, multiple regression analysis, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test in SPSS-24 and AMOS-24. Results: The results showed that emotional trauma and social support directly reduced and increased the addicts’ tendency to change, respectively (P<0.05). The findings also showed that emotional trauma and social support indirectly affected the addicts’ tendency to change through the mediating role of existential anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mediating role of existential anxiety in the relationship between childhood emotional trauma, social support and the readiness to change in addicted people was significant, therefore, providing more social support, emotional discharge regarding childhood traumas, along with planning to reduce existential anxiety using psychological interventions can increase the readiness to change and quit in addicted people.