The purpose of this study was to clarify the education received by young top athletes in their youth, by holding interviews with the parents who brought them up. The semi-structured interviews had thirteen points in common, for example; the aim of special sports was a pleasure in a happy home and parents were absorbed in supporting their children. These results suggested it is important for the parents to give their children environments to form abilities of communication and idea circulation through sports.

The aim of this study was to trace the historical evolution and trends of the research areas of sports. Recently not only has the sports industry been growing, but also many universities have started to engage in research and education on sports. However, it is very difficult to comprehend all the perspectives of the research areas of sports which include such a wide variation. We analyzed the citation networks of the research areas of sports and sports management, which has been growing rapidly,

The purpose of this study was to reveal how professional baseball players were trained while they were amateur baseball players, and to examine ways to improve the problems faced by amateur baseball players. A survey of 300 professional baseball players was conducted. There were a lot of problems revealed in amateur baseball: "overwork and injury because of irrational, inefficient, and too long training", "manner of the instructors", "balance among baseball, studying, and playing", and "violence to the players". These results suggested that most professional baseball players wanted it to be done in a different way from their own experience, and that they had a strong awareness of the problems of traditional training.