Background The purpose of this prospective case–control study is to investigate the relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome (QFPS) and patellofemoral morphology. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with QFPS and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included. The diagnosis of QFPS was supported both clinically and radiologically. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patellofemoral morphology was evaluated with 13 radiological measurements including trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear sulcus depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar translation, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance, Insall–Salvati ratio, patellotrochlear index, patellar tilt, the ratio between lateral and medial facet lengths, interfacet angle, and quadriceps tendon thickness. The mean of measurements was compared between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results There were 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 30.81 ± 1.41 (range 19–38) years in group I and 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 31.13 ± 1.31 (range 19–39) years in group II. The mean age and the gender distribution were statistically similar between groups (p = 0.845, p = 1, respectively). All measured values except for patellar tilt (p = 0.038) and TT–TG distance (p = 0.004) were similar (p > 0.05 for the other variables). However, all of the measured variables were within the normal range. Conclusions QFPS may not be associated with anatomical variations of the patellofemoral joint. Further studies are required to understand the etiology and risk factors. Level of evidence Level III, prospective case–control study

No abstract

Ectopic gallbladder (GB) is a very rare anomaly. Ectopic GB can be found in intrahepatic, suprahepatic, retrohepatic, retroperitoneal sites as well as in falciform ligament, intra-abdominal wall, left abdominal quadrant and intrathoracic localizations. A 43-year-old male patient presented with a right upper quadrant pain in the abdomen. Upon detection of a cystic lesion with lobulated contour associated with GB in the liver in ultrasound examination, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI cholangiopancreatography, and contrast-enhanced MRI cholangiography were performed on the patient. MRI revealed that the lesion was a partial ectopic intrahepatic GB. In this article, we presented an ectopic partial intrahepatic gall bladder anomaly, which is very uncommon and has been previously described by surgical operations and cadaver studies, according to our literature review. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):525-527.

Malakoplakia is an unusual acquired granulomatous disease that can affect many systems including urogenital tract. It presents a huge diagnostic challenge as it can mimic malignancy. We report a 55-year diabetic woman who presented with history of macroscopic hematuria and right flank pain. On investigations, ultrasound of kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) showed right hydronephroureter, and CT KUB showed right moderate hydronephroureter and right ureteric stone. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple white plaques involving urinary bladder and right ureter. The diagnosis of malakoplakia was based on microscopic findings that are specific for its diagnosis.

No abstract