Aim. The research was aimed to allocate bread spring wheat lines of competitive strain testing with high adaptive potential to engage in research programs as a source material. Methods. Statistical. Results. Meteorological conditions during the period studied were contrast, which allowed to evaluate and highlight lines of bread spring wheat for adaptability. Based on the analysis of parameters of yield and its variability under the influence of environmental factors during the 2013–2015 lines with high adaptive capacity: Lutestsens 10-29, Lutestsens 11-26, Lutestsens 10-36, Erytrospermum 13-39, Lutestsens 08-26 were identified. Lines with high adaptive capacity Lutestsens 10-36, Erytrospermum 13-39, Lutestsens 08-26 was transferred to the State variety testing as Oksamyt Mironivs’kyi, MIW Oleksandra and Bozhena. Conclusions. Genotypic variability of performance elements of bread spring wheat lines of competitive strain testing was determined. The lines with high adaptive capacity were identified. Keywords: bread spring wheat, source material, productivity, adaptability.

Purpose. To analyze lines of competitive testing of soft spring wheat in terms of ecological plasticity and stability using statistical methods of analysis and identify lines with high stability of grain yield. Methods. The studies were carried out during 2018–2020, on the basis of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine. When considering the results obtained, generally accepted methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used. Results. Evaluation of breeding material in different years makes it possible to obtain information about the characteristics of the reaction of genotypes to changes in environmental conditions. As a result of the studies, it was found that the lines Lutescens 14-32 (bi = 0.59), Erythrospermum 15-32 (bi = 0.44), Lutescens 14-47 (bi = 0.22) were of high plasticity. Calculations of ecological stability indicate that lines are considered stable, the variance of stability is zero or close to zero. From a practical point of view, lines with a combined manifestation of high ecological plasticity and stability are considered valuable. This was the line Erythro­spermum 15-32 (bi = 0.44; S2di = 0.01) that indicates its low reaction rate and the ability to provide a consistently high level of yield under any growing conditions. The most valuable are the genotypes that combine a low level of the coefficient of variation, high homeostaticity and bree­ding value, which include the lines Erythrospermum 15-32 (Hom = 206.42, Sc = 4.11), Lutescens 14-47 (Hom = 98.41, Sc = 3.91), Erythrospermum 17-08 (Hom = 78.57, Sc = 3.76), Erythrospermum 14-65 (Hom = 54.84, Sc = 3.75), Lutescens 14-32 (Hom = 54.60, Sc = 4.17), Lutescens 14-13 (Hom = 35.60, Sc = 3.78), Lutescens 14-48 (Hom = 46.66, Sc = 3.58). Conclusions. The evaluation of breeding material is of great importance when creating new high-performance varieties with adaptive potential. The method for assessing ecological plasticity and variants of its stability made it possible to differentiate wheat lines of soft spring competitive testing by their response to changes in gro­wing conditions. For a more optimal selection of breeding material in terms of ecological plasticity and stability, breeding programs should take into account ranked estimates of genotypes.

Aim. To assess the combining ability, features and nature of the inheritance of the trait “number of grains from the main spike” in varieties of spring durum wheat for their further involvement in breeding programs. Methods. The investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Varieties (‘Zhizel’, ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Kharkivska 27’, ‘Kharkivska 39’, ‘Spadshchyna’, ‘Kuchumovka’, ‘Tera’) of domestic breeding were involved in crossings according to the full diallel scheme (7 ´ 7). Parental components and F1 were studied in the field in 2016, 2017. Results. The analysis of variance of combining ability showed a significant advantage in general combining abili­ty (GCA) effects. The mean square of the specific combi­ning ability (SCA) was significantly inferior to the GCA, but was significant in both years of the study. Consistently high GCA effects in 2016, 2017 were determined in the variety ‘Tera’ (gi = 1.35; 2.37). Non-alelic gene interaction was not found, which made it possible to analyze the main parame­ters of genetic variation. In two years of investigations, in the phenotypic manifestation of the number of grains from the main spike, dominant effects (H1 and H2) survived over additive ones (D). The average degree of dominance indicated overdominance (H1/D). The indicator of the ave­rage degree of dominance in loci () also indicated overdominance. Dominance was significantly oriented. Dominant effects of genes increased the number of grains, while recessive effects decreased them. At least one group of genes has been identified that has led to dominance. In general, dominant genes (F > 0) or groups of genes dominated quantitatively in cultivar investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in a broad sense (H2 = 0.88; 0.90) indicates a significant phenotypic conditionality to genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in a narrow sense (h2 = 0.31; 0.38) indicates the average contribution of the additive effects of genes over the dominant ones. Conclusions. The identified breeding and genetic features on the basis of the “number of grains from the main spike” trait make it possible to predict the effectiveness of selections aimed at increasing the trait in the newly hybrid material. However, due to the predominance of dominant effects and overdominance in the genetic control of a trait, selection in later generations will be more effective. Varieties ‘Kharkivska 27’, ‘Kharkivska 39’ and ‘Tera’ should be used as genetic sources to increase the trait “number of grains from the main spike”.

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Хоменко С., Чугункова Т., Федоренко І., Федоренко М., Кузьменко Є. Показники структури продуктивності колекційних зразків пшениці м'якої і твердої ярої та їхній зв'язок з урожайністю Проаналізовано елементи структури продуктивності та визначено їхні кореляційні зв'язки з урожайністю у зразків колекції пшениці м'якої і твердої ярої. Представлено результати п'ятирічного дослідження (2012-2016 рр.) показників довжини головного колоса, кількості зерен із головного колоса, маси зерен із головного колоса та маси 1000 зерен у колекційних зразків пшениці ярої, котрі вивчають у Миронівському інституті пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН. Виділено зразки з різних країн світу, що відзначаються найкращими параметрами серед проаналізованих елементів структури і можуть бути використані як перспективні джерела ознак для проведення схрещувань. Відзначено сорт Manu (FIN), у якого довжина колоса перевищувала 10 см, а також зразки, серед них української селекції, що мали колос від 9,2 до 9,7 см. Виділено зразки пшениці м'якої ярої з кількістю зерен із головного колоса понад 40 шт., масою зерен із головного колоса до 1,7 г. Маса 1000 зерен була на рівні стандарту. Серед зразків пшениці твердої ярої найбільшою довжиною колоса характеризувалися сорти української селекції Дарина і Жадана. Показники інших елементів продуктивності за роки досліджень були в середньому на рівні стандарту. Найвищими значеннями вони відзначалися у 2014 р., який виявився сприятливим за погодними умовами для росту й розвитку рослин пшениці ярої. Кореляційні залежності між елементами структури урожайності пшениці м'якої і твердої ярої різнилися. Сильний зв'язок встановлено між урожайністю колекційних зразків пшениці твердої ярої та кількістю зерен із головного колоса (r = 0,77). Більшість інших кореляцій були середніми або помірними. Отож, за показниками структури продуктивності зразків колекції виділено джерела, що можуть бути використані як вихідний матеріал для створення високопродуктивних сортів. Аналіз кореляцій показав найефективніші шляхи відбору за елементами продуктивності в селекції пшениці м'якої і твердої ярої на високий рівень урожайності. Ключові слова: пшениця м'яка і тверда яра, колекційні зразки, структура продуктивності, урожайність, кореляції. Khomenko S., Chuhunkova T., Fedorenko I., Fedorenko M., Kuzmenko Ye. Indices of productivity components of the collectible samples of durum and bread spring wheat and their relations with yield The research analyzes productivity components and determines their correlations with yield of the collectible samples of bread and durum spring wheat. The article presents results of the 5-year study (2012-2016) of the indices of main spike length, grain number in the main spike, grain weight in the main spike, and weight of 1000 grains in the collectible samples of spring wheat, which are studied at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. The researchers selected samples from different countries of the world, which had the best parameters among the analyzed productivity components and cou...