This study considers the development of combined meat products containing, along with meat raw materials, other types of raw materials of animal and vegetable origin. The aim of the research is to substantiate the advantages of combining duck meat of regional origin with other types of raw materials in meat-containing cooked smoked sausages. A model for studying of the feasibility of combining duck meat of regional origin with other raw materials was a recipe for cooked smoked sausage containing meat of the Muscovy duck and also including pork hearts, salted pork side-fat, soybean isolates, pork skin protein, edible albumin “Aprored.” In the model samples of forcemeat for meat-containing cooked smoked sausages, functional and technological properties have been determined according to standard methods. The biological food value of the finished products has been determined as well. The analysis of the results confirms that the combination of Muscovy duck meat and protein-containing secondary raw materials improves the moisture content, water-holding capacity, emulsifying ability, and stability of the emulsion. The study of the microbiological parameters of the sausages developed has indicated that the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (MAFAM) in all the samples studied was within the normal limits. The study of the number of bacteria of the E. coli group has not detected these microorganisms in any of the samples. For the ω-6 and ω-3 family, its high biological value as for the content of essential amino acids and its biological effectiveness as for the fatty acids have been confirmed. It has been proved that duck meat can be combined with traditional types of meat and vegetable raw materials to increase the biological effectiveness of meat-containing cooked smoked sausages. It has been determined that when Muscovy duck meat is combined with non-meat kinds of protein-containing raw material (pork skin protein, soybean isolate) as part of meat-containing cooked smoked sausage, it allows producing nutritious food with high quality characteristics.

One of the technological ways to improve the quality of frozen meat chopped semi-finished products is to use in their composition protein-polysaccharide composite mixtures, which mechanism of cryoprotective action is associated with the formation of amorphous structure of the product, reducing the number of crystallization centers and reducing the activity of water, which is especially important for long-term meat products storage at sub-zero temperatures. For this purpose, the composition of a protein-polysaccharide composition was developed consisting of blood plasma proteins, sodium caseinate, flax fiber and plantain in a ratio of 1:1:2:2. The regularities of the influence of the selected composition on the physicochemical properties of model minced meat systems have been established. The possibility of using this composition to eliminate the disadvantages of low-quality meat raw materials in the semi-finished meat products of  has been proved and to counteract the negative effects of their long-term storage in the frozen state. It has been found that the composite mixture of plasma proteins, sodium caseinate, fibers of linen and plantain in the amount of 3% reduces the cryoscopic temperature, decreases the mass fraction of frozen moisture by 1.7% and also reduces water activity by 0.031… 0.067, which helps to extend the shelf life of chopped semi-finished products. Based on the search for the extrema of the mathematical dependence of the amount of frozen water on the duration of storage of minced meat semi-finished products at a temperature of minus 10 ° C was established a rational content of the protein-polysaccharide composition (3%). This allows you to purposefully form and stabilize the specified functional-technological, structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. In order to develop recommendations on the use of the protein-polysaccharide composition as a cryoprotectant, the chemical composition and functional-technological properties (FCS) of model minced meat systems with different levels of its use were studied. The technological feasibility of using protein-polysaccharide composition in the amount of 3%, which is an effective cryoprotectant in meat minced systems during low-temperature processing has been proved.

Nowadays, meat production is developing towards a wider range of products. Their components are optimised and combined in such a way as to increase the nutritional value, to preserve the most valuable components of raw materials, to make for some lacking macro- and micronutrients by including the functional ingredients in the recipe. A possible way to improve the meat products technology is making purposeful changes in the formulation of the product. This involves selecting certain types of raw materials and additional components in ratios providing the required nutritional value of the finished product. New functional ingredients having the desired physiological effects on the human body should be combined with new, modern means of processing raw materials that will provide the necessary technological characteristics, the quality and safety of the final product. Home-manufactured vegetable supplements obtained from seeds of different crops are a promising direction of research. Their unique chemical composition and functional properties allow achieving the expected nutritional value of the finished product in accordance with modern nutritional standards. This article presents the results of analysing and studying of oilseeds aimed at creating a balanced multifunctional supplement to be used in recipes of functional meat products. It has been studied how the functional and technological parameters of seeds change depending on the degree of their grinding. The organoleptic evaluation has allowed determining the optimum ratio of plant components in the mixture. The quality parameters of the supplement developed, its biological value, vitamin and mineral composition have been determined. The organoleptic characteristics and structural and mechanical parameters of meat model systems have been analysed, which has made it possible to recommend the right percentage of the composite oilseed mixture in the recipes of meat products, namely, pates and chopped semi-finished products.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the collagen-based additive Bilkozyne on the texture of cooked sausages. This additive is a food ingredient obtained by partial hydrolysis of a beef skin split. We suggested that Bilkozyne usage in the formulae of meat products will allow reducing production costs and improving the texture of the final product. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) regarded as a unique tool in the comprehensive research of the texture of food products. Prior to that, we had developed a protein stabiliser (PS), based on Bilkozyne and other hydrocolloids, in order to distribute fats uniformly in the protein matrix of mincemeat. The influence of PS on the surface morphology of dried samples of cooked chicken sausages made from the mincemeat has been investigated. The main component (60 %) of the PS was collagen containing the protein Bilkozyne. The PS levels in the cooked sausages were 10 % and 15 %. Qualitative changes of the texture of cooked sausages have been examined by means of high resolution SEM. The following morphological parameters of the samples have been examined: the number of holes per 1000 µm2 of the area of the sample; the average area of the holes, µм2; the holes ellipticity; the average area of the surface without the holes per 1000 µм2 of the area of the sample. It has been shown that adding 10 % of the PS in the hydrated form results in essential improvement of the morphological features of the sausages as compared to those made with non-hydrated PS. It has been found that an increase of the PS in the formulae from 10 % to 15 % has a negative impact on the texture of the final products, causing a significant decrease in the hydration degree of the myofibrillar proteins of the meat’s muscle tissues. Bilkozyne has a positive effect on the distribution of fats and proteins in the mincemeat. This makes it possible not to change the source of fats in cooked sausages. Thus, the inclusion of Bilkozyne into the formula of cooked sausages results not only in the improvement of their texture, but also in the increase of essential amino acids content.