Scientific and methodological aspects of the development of oil and gas fields at the use of hydraulic fracturing have been considered. The causes of unsatisfactory results at hydraulic fracturing, and also factors to be taken into account when choosing a well and a bed for hydraulic fracturing have been analyzed. It has been established that geological factors (in-place permeability, skin-factor, bed formation pressure, bed formation litho­logy, thickness, mechanical reservoir characteristics etc.) at hydraulic fracturing planning have a main impact on the hydraulic fracturing efficiency, and the errors introduced at the study of these factors are predetermined either by the insufficient study of collecting and host properties of the bed formation, or by the insufficient study of a trap.