No abstract

Our goal is to enhance the ability to differentiate normal lung from subtle pathologies via multidetector row CT (MDCT) by extending a two-dimensional (2-D) texturebased tissue classification [adaptive multiple feature method (AMFM)] to use three-dimensional (3-D) texture features. We performed MDCT on 34 humans and classified volumes of interest (VOIs) in the MDCT images into five categories: EC, emphysema in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); MC, mild emphysema in mild COPD; NC, normal appearing lung in mild COPD; NN, normal appearing lung in normal nonsmokers; and NS, normal appearing lung in normal smokers. COPD severity was based upon pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Airways and vessels were excluded from VOIs; 24 3-D texture features were calculated; and a Bayesian classifier was used for discrimination. A leave-one-out method was employed for validation. Sensitivity of the four-class classification in the form of 3-D/2-D was: EC: 85%/71%, MC: 90%/82%; NC: 88%/50%; NN: 100%/60%. Sensitivity and specificity for NN using a two-class classification of NN and NS in the form of 3-D/2-D were: 99%/72% and 100%/75%, respectively. We conclude that 3-D AMFM analysis of lung parenchyma improves discrimination compared to 2-D AMFM of the same VOIs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the 3-D AMFM may provide a means of discriminating subtle differences between smokers and nonsmokers both with normal PFTs.

[structure: see text] A series of ruthenium(II) complexes containing BINOL-based monodonor phosphorus ligands have been prepared and applied to the asymmetric catalysis of the hydrogenation of aryl/alkyl ketones. The best ligands for this application are those which contain an aromatic groups with either a methoxide or bromide on the ortho position. Using these ligands, alcohols with ee's of up to 99% are formed.

CBCT was an accurate measurement to calculate the volume of alveolar defect and bone graft in alveolar cleft patients. Preoperative scans could aid in quantitatively determining the bone amount needed to adequately fill the bone defect, and the postoperative scans give accurate follow-up evaluation after surgery.

Cuproptosis, or copper-induced cell death, has been reported as a novel noncanonical form of cell death in recent times. However, the potential roles of cuproptosis in the alteration of tumor clinicopathological features and the formation of a tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the cuproptosis-related molecular patterns of 1,274 colorectal cancer samples based on 16 cuproptosis regulators. The consensus clustering algorithm was conducted to identify cuproptosis-related molecular patterns and gene signatures. The ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to evaluate the enrichment levels of the infiltrated immune cells and tumor immune scores, respectively. The cuproptosis score was established to assess the cuproptosis patterns of individuals with principal component analysis algorithms based on the expression of cuproptosis-related genes. Three distinct cuproptosis patterns were confirmed and demonstrated to be associated with distinguishable biological processes and clinical prognosis. Interestingly, the three cuproptosis patterns were revealed to be consistent with three immune infiltration characterizations: immune-desert, immune-inflamed, and immune-excluded. Enhanced survival, activation of immune cells, and high tumor purity were presented in patients with low cuproptosisScore, implicating the immune-inflamed phenotype. In addition, low scores were linked to high tumor mutation burden, MSI-H and high CTLA4 expression, showing a higher immune cell proportion score (IPS). Taken together, our study revealed a novel cuproptosis-related molecular pattern associated with the TME phenotype. The formation of cuproptosisScore will further strengthen our understanding of the TME feature and instruct a more personalized immunotherapy schedule in colorectal cancer.