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The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) acts as tumor-promoting factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) regulates TUG1 and microRNAs (miRs)/mRNAs in the context of CRC, which has not been fully studied before. Expression patterns of TUG1 and SP1 were determined in clinical CRC samples and cells, followed by identification of their interaction. Next, the functional significance of TUG1 in CRC was investigated. An in vivo CRC model was established to validate the effect of TUG1. The results demonstrated that TUG1 and SP1 were highly-expressed in CRC, wherein SP1 bound to the TUG1 promoter and consequently, positively regulated its expression. Silencing of TUG1 caused suppression of CRC cell growth and promotion of cell apoptosis. TUG1 could bind to miR-421 to increase KDM2A expression, a target gene of miR-421. TUG1 could activate the ERK pathway by impairing miR-421-targeted inhibition of KDM2A. Additionally, SP1 could facilitate the tumorigenesis of CRC cells in vivo by regulating the TUG1/miR-421/KDM2A/ERK axis. Altogether, the current study emphasizes the oncogenic role of TUG1 in CRC, and illustrates its interactions with the upstream transcription factor SP1 and the downstream modulatory axis miR-421/KDM2A/ERK, thus offering novel insights into the cancerogenic mechanism in CRC.

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In general, a ship moves with translation and rotation under the action of water. The investigation of the motion of ship is useful for the scattering echo simulation. In this communication, we firstly focus on modeling and simulation for the motion of ship in six degrees of freedom in two dimensional (2-D) sea surface based on the program public domain strip method (PDSTRIP). Then, some further simulations and the influence of various parameters (such as the polarization, incident angle and wind direction) on the Doppler spectrum are analyzed to prove that the facet-based asymptotical model is an effective model to investigate the EM scattering from the 2-D sea surface. Finally, in consideration of the motion of ship in six degrees of freedom, the radar echo and Doppler spectrum of the dynamic composite maritime scene are then studied based on the proposed specular reflection weighted four-path model. It is found that the motion of ship has the most significant effect on the RCS and Doppler spectrum.Index Terms-Composite scattering, Doppler spectrum, facet scattering model, six degrees of freedom.