This paper presents a n e w multi-path tree-search architecture to implement various FSVQs for real-time image/video coding. The proposed architecture exploits the features used in both tree-search and An i t e state VQs and i n the mean time to adaptively update state codebooks so that PSNR is on the average 1dB-ZdB higher than that achieved from conventional FSVQs at the same bit rate. In particular, t h i s architecture can be pipelined in h a r d w a r e realization to overcome the iteration bounds as those encountered in conventional FSVQs, making it feasible to develop real-time cost-effective hardware solutions.

This paper presents a new vector quantization (VQ) algorithm exploiting the features of tree-search as well as finite state VQs for image/video coding. In the tree-search VQ, multiple candidates are identified for on-going search to optimally determine an index of the minimum distortion. In addition, the desired codebook has been reorganized hierarchically to meet the concept of multi-path search of neighboring trees so that picture quality can be improved by 4 dB on the average. In the finite state VQ, adaptation to the state codebooks is added to enhance the hit-ratio of the index produced by the tree-search VQ and hence to further reduce compressed bits. An identifier code is then included to indicate to which output indices belong. Our proposed algorithm not only reaches a higher compression ratio but also achieves better quality compared to conventional Anite-state and tree-search VQs.