Background and Objective: Radiotherapy is an efficient treatment for cancer. However, some cancer survivors who receive thoracic radiotherapy experience radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity, leading to long-term impact on cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the basic pathogenic mechanisms, development, and prevention of radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed to find reported histological observations and studies on acute and late cardiovascular toxicity in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. A systematized review of articles on the present topic published between May 1967 and April 2021 was carried out.