This chapter seeks to compare and contrast the purchase of fresh meat between modern retail stores and traditional markets in both Malaysia and Indonesia. In-depth focus group discussions with the main food shoppers in the household reveal that the halal status is the most influential criterion in store choice for fresh chicken meat. Other important criteria include freshness, quality, a competitive price, convenience, an on-going relationship with the retailer, the variety available, and a pleasant shopping environment.

The utilization of sago waste has been the subject of research which has studied aspects of sago bark, including sago wastewater effluent and fibre waste. This paper presents a review of the types of waste generated from sago processing plants, prospects and challenges of its utilization based on prior studies. During sago starch extraction, a large amount of sago tree bark would be separated, and wastewater mixed with fibre waste would be discharged daily. Therefore, it is important to train sago farmers and mill owners to manage and utilize waste. The development of sustainable management of sago requires support from all relevant stakeholders. Waste utilization should be promoted and the added value to be explained to the stakeholders to gain their interest and willingness to participate in waste processing plants. Sago waste management is recommended to focus on: (1) efforts to increase the yield and efficiency to reduce waste (2) improvement of the processing layout and mechanism to facilitate its utilization; (3) selection of appropriate drying methods to reduce the volume of liquid waste and facilitate further storage and processing; (4) the implementation of appropriate technology that can provide additional income to farmers and smallholder sago refineries.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien yang digunakan oleh petani karet di lokasi penelitian dan untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai keuntungan masing-masing lembaga pemasaran pada setiap saluran pemasaran. Metode penelitian untuk melihat efisiensi pemasaran digunakan analisis margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, dan Profitability Index. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 84 orang, yaitu petani karet 75 orang dan pedagang perantara 9 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saluran pemasaran paling efisien berdasarkan nilai marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share dan tingkat keuntungan (profitability index) yang diperoleh terdapat pada saluran pemasaran III di Desa Ridan, dengan nilai keuntungan pemasaran sebesar Rp. 1.037,5 margin pemasaran sebesar Rp.1.905 dan nilai farmer’s share sebesar 77,91% dengan efisiensi pemasaran 20,19%.

Oil palm plantations are a potential commodity of Riau Province and the highest contributor to palm oil production in Indonesia. The development of agricultural science and technology, which is disseminated through various media, is a source of information for farmers. However, the availability of information sources does not guarantee that farmers will benefit from the information. This is influenced by media literacy from these farmers. This research aimed at analyzing the media’s literacy of oil palm farmers. The research was conducted in three districts with potential oil palm at Riau Province. They are Pelalawan District, Rokan Hilir District and Rokan Hulu District. The respondents of oil palm farmers were 185 farmers, which were selected by stratified random sampling. This research applied Likert Summated Rating Scale (LSRS) method. The results of this research are: The literacy level of oil palm farmers is in the medium level (average score of 1.72), while for three aspects which are technical skill and critical understanding are in the medium level and communication skill is basic level. Role of government and related parties are needed to help improve the literacy level of oil palm farmers. This is necessary so that the farmers together with extension workers, will be ready to face the challenge of the development of science and technology in the oil palm industry, by utilizing the development of information and communication technologies such as smartphones.

The tendency of society to return to nature have increased interest in herbal remedies. This conditionprovides business opportunities for variety of medicinal plants including the cultivation of family medicinalplants (TOGA). The purpose of this community service activity was to increase people's motivation toexploit the business opportunity of herbal plants collectively. The program was conducted in three steps: (1)approaching the problems faced by mothers in managing medicinal plants through interviews withcommunity leaders; (2) conducting training on the utilization of variety of crops into simple remedies and (3)evaluation of the training outcomes and motivation of training participants to develop the cultivation andprocessing of medicinal plants. The results showed that participants were motivated to develop medicinalplant business. Tips shared on how to manage medicinal plant gardens in groups were helpful to reduceindividual workload. In general, the implementation of training activities on the utilization of FamilyMedicinal Plants (TOGA) was quite successful. This can be seen from the participants’ request that thisactivity can continue to support them. Cultivation of medicinal plants is suitable as an alternative forhousewife empowerment because it can be done without leaving the important role as a mother.