Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and sonographic features of flexor tendon sheath ganglion cysts in the fingers. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and sonographic features of 35 cases of flexor tendon sheath ganglion cysts in the fingers in 34 patients that were pathologically confirmed between 2003 and 2018.Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.2 years (range, 11-73 years). Lesions were located at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint (n = 22 [63%]) and proximal phalanx (n = 11 [31%]), and involvement of the third finger was common (n = 19[54%]). The mean lesion size was 6 mm and the mean volume was 90 mm 3 . None of the lesions had a pedicle. Lesions were homogeneous (n = 24 [69%]) and anechoic (n = 23 [66%]). A septum was noted in 12 cases (34%). Conclusions:Flexor tendon sheath ganglion cysts are most commonly located in the third finger and at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal phalanx. It usually presents as a simple cyst without a pedicle, but occasionally exhibits a mixed echogenicity and contains a septum. K E Y W O R D Sfingers, flexor tendon sheath, ganglion cyst, ultrasonography

Obesity is a main risk factor for several metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is also recognized as a low‐grade chronic inflammation. In the current study, the inhibitory effect of ramalin, isolated from Antarctic lichen, Ramalina terebrata, on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells was examined. Ramalin attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets stained with Oil red O in non‐toxic concentration. Western blot assay showed that ramalin remarkably inhibited the level of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (c/EBP β) as well as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (c/EBP alpha) in a concentration dependent manner. Real‐time PCR assay revealed that the expression of MDI‐induced adipogenesis related genes (GLUT4, aP2, leptin) was significantly suppressed by ramalin. Our data also showed that ramalin significantly decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in a concentration‐dependent manner. Results from ELISA assay demonstrated that ramalin reduced the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Taken together, ramalin can be a novel therapeutic candidate for controlling adipogenesis in preadipocytes.