BackgroundBig data analytics offers promise in many business sectors, and health care is looking at big data to provide answers to many age-related issues, particularly dementia and chronic disease management.ObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to summarize the challenges faced by big data analytics and the opportunities that big data opens in health care.MethodsA total of 3 searches were performed for publications between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2016 (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar), and an assessment was made on content germane to big data in health care. From the results of the searches in research databases and Google Scholar (N=28), the authors summarized content and identified 9 and 14 themes under the categories Challenges and Opportunities, respectively. We rank-ordered and analyzed the themes based on the frequency of occurrence.ResultsThe top challenges were issues of data structure, security, data standardization, storage and transfers, and managerial skills such as data governance. The top opportunities revealed were quality improvement, population management and health, early detection of disease, data quality, structure, and accessibility, improved decision making, and cost reduction.ConclusionsBig data analytics has the potential for positive impact and global implications; however, it must overcome some legitimate obstacles.

RATIONALE: Cytokines induce allergic inflammation leading to respiratory allergy. This study assesses intracellular cytokine profiles in patients receiving Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). METHODS: 60 adult patients with allergic rhinitis 19 to 46 years old, who received SLIT for two years with standardized allergen extracts (Sevapharma) were studied. Group 1 included 30 patients receiving monotherapy with a mixture of grasses I or Artemisia. Group 2 included 30 patients, receiving combination therapy of a mixture of grasses I or Artemisia and mixture of house dust mites or indoor moulds. The control group included 30 healthy subjects. CD4+T-cells were assayed for intracellular cytokines after stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin. RESULTS: CD4+T-cells (IL-4+ cells, IL-5+ cells, IL-13+ cells, or IL-17+ cells) were significantly increased before SLIT compared to controls but were reduced after the 2nd year of SLIT. IFN-g+ cells increased after the 2nd year of SLIT. Comparing CD4+cells before and after SLIT in patients of Group 1, IL-4+ was reduced from 0.91 to 0.3; IL-17+ reduced from 0.75 to 0.38; IL-5+ reduced from 4.71 to 2.05; IL-13+ reduced from 4.9 to 1.58 and IFN-g+ cells increased from 13.37 to 18.85. In Group 2, IL-4+ cells were reduced from 0.75 to 0.28; IL-17+ reduced from 0.5 to 0.2; IL-5+ reduced from 6.11 to 1.88; IL-13+ reduced from 4.95 to 2.06 and IFN-g+ increased from 14.53 to 18.65. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of IL-4+, IL-17+, IL-5+ and IL-13+ CD4+T-cells and increase of IFN-g+ CD4+T-cells demonstrated that SLIT can modulate immune responses in mono-and poly-sensitized patients.

Brief Background: Periodontal pathogens like Aggregatibactoractinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonasgingivalis etc., are considered to be the primary aetiologic factors for the periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine is a gold standard antimicrobial agent with a broad antibacterial activity and has been used for chemical plaque control. But chlorhexidine is known to cause staining when used for a longer time. Hence, other agents with herbal contents are being researched that can be used on a regular basis. Materials and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) and Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) were used to assess the antibacterial effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract against periodontal pathogens by micro dilution method and culture method, and it was compared with chlorhexidine. Results: For Green Coffee extract, MIC value of P.g and A.a was 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml respectively, MBC value of P.g and A.a was 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml respectively and Zone of Inhibition of P.g was 15 mm at 50 ug/ml and of A.a was 12 mm at 100 ug/ml. For Chlorhexidine, MIC value of P.g and A.a was 0.2 ug/ml and 12.5 ug/ml respectively, MBC value of P.g and A.a was 1.6 ug/ml and 12.5 ug/ml respectively and Zone of Inhibition of P.g was 13 mm at 1.6 ug/ml and of A.a was 12 mm at 12.5 ug/ml. Summary and Conclusions: Antibacterial activity of Green Coffee Bean Extract against P.g and A.a shows that it could used as a herbal adjunct to chlorhexidine for chemical plaque. Key Words: Green Coffee Bean Extract, Chlorhexidine, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations, Zone of Inhibition.

Introduction: A newly identified viral infection, a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, that began in Wuhan, China, and spread around the world, causing an epidemic of pneumonia (COVlD-19), has infected millions of population, causing social anxiety and panic amongst healthcare professionals and the general public. This study aimed to measure the dentists' anxiety and apprehension of being infected while operating during the latest coronavirus disease (COVlD-19) epidemic through a web-based questionnaire. Materials and Methods: An online survey was used to perform a cross-sectional analysis. The well-constructed questionnaire, which consisted of closed-ended questions, was prepared and submitted to dentists of India. A total of 396 people from all over India took part in the survey. Results: The debilitating consequences of COVlD-19 caused anxiety and fear in a total of 55.8% of general dental practitioners in India. There were 373 dentists (94.2%) who were mindful of recent developments in care procedures. The majority of dentists, 316 (79.8%), are fearful of contracting COVID-19 from a patient or co-worker, and 309 (78%) dentists are nervous when treating a patient with COVID-19. Conclusion: Indian dentists revealed good information regarding COVID-19. However, dentists were comprehensive about the extra precautionary measures that protect them about the virus. A considerable percentage of dentists reflected their anxiety and worries about dental profession due to which they have either changed their services to comply with the rules or shut down their practices for an indefinite time.

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