A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 dairy farms in and around Debre Zeit from November 2015 to April 2016 with the major objective to estimate the prevalence of E. coli from diarrheic calves up to six months of age and assessment of risk factors associated with calf diarrhea as well as antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of diarrheic calves and isolation and identification of the bacterium were confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical tests. A total of 75 fecal samples were examined for the isolation of bacteria of which 53 (70.7%) samples were positive for E. coli. Age was associated with the prevalence of E. coli (X2=26.094, P=0.00). Thus, age group less than two weeks (OR=1.6), had a higher odds for E. coli infection as compared to those with age group in between 2-4 weeks, and above this weeks of age.The prevalence of E. coli was found high in hand (bottle) feeding method colostrum and calves kept with calf pens having bedding material than those with direct suckling of colostrum and pens without bedding material respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the prevalence of E. coli and the types of farm (p>0.05). The antibiogram study revealed that most of the E. coli was highly susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphinicol, Sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and less susceptible to doxacilline, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, and kanamycine. Furthermore, data regarding the management of the farms were generated through pretested questionnaire and direct observations. So that the recovery rate of E. coli was significantly higher in calves below two weeks of old. Therefore Based on those findings, calf diarrhea was found to high and could affect dairy production and it can be controlled through improved management practices as well as selected drugs to minimize the problem.

CA cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2013 up to March 2014 to assess the prevalence, risk factors and direct economic loss of bovine and ovine fasciolosis in and around Debire Birhan, a town of North shoa Amhara Regional state. In the present study coprology, postmortem examination, questionnaire survey and an abattoir retrospective data were retrieved and analyzed. Seven Kebeles were purposively selected for coprological examination by considering the number of cattle and sheep population of the area and proximity to parasitological laboratories. Coprological examination of fecal samples randomly collected from 300 cattle and 280 sheep revealed an overall prevalence of 62.3% in cattle and 60.7% in sheep whereas 450 (300 cattle and 150 sheep) animals were randomly selected from Debire Birhan Municipal Abattoir for post mortem examination and revealed a total prevalence of 58.6% and 56.0% in cattle and sheep, respectively. This study shows that risk factors such as locality, species and age didn’t show significant effect on the prevalence of infections in both cattle and sheep (P>0.05). However, season, sex, and body condition revealed significant difference (P< 0.05) as higher degree of infections were detected in Autumn, female and in poor body conditioned, respectively. Species identification revealed that F. hepatica was highly abundant (43.8%) as compared to Fasciola gigantica (10.2%) in cattle. Likewise sheep livers also harbored F. hepatica (44.0%) and F.gigantica (15.5%). Certain proportion of mixed and unidentified immature fluke infection also common in both species. The economic loss incurred due to condemned liver as a result of bovine and ovine fasciolosis was estimated to be 59,387ETB (2969USD) per annum. In conclusion, fasciolosis was proved to be widely distributed disease with higher prevalence and great impact on the economy. Therefore integrated vector and parasite control approaches should be involved so as to reduce the snail burn and infection rate. Key words: Abattoir, Bovine, Ovine, Coprology, Economic significance, Fasciolosis, Prevalence. Debire Birhan.

Trypanosomiases play a great role in reduction of animal’s production and affect animal and human settlement worldwide. A cross-sectional study design was conducted in Dembecha district, Ethiopia from 2019 to 2020 to study bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence, the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, farmer’s perception, and fly vector density and associated risk factors. Blood samples were taken from 528 bovine randomly and evaluated. In addition, questionnaire surveillance was conducted to determine the farmer perception on the disease through 100 interviewed farmers. The overall disease prevalence was 5.49% (n = 29/528). The infection was mainly caused by Trypanosome congolense, 69% (n = 20) and Trypanosome vivax 31% (n = 9), which was significant difference (P = 0.00). When compared to different categories, greater results were registered in poor body condition and black and related color with significant difference. In kebeles (p = 0.78), sex (p = 0.43) and age groups (p = 0.16), there was no significance difference identified. The infected cattle mean packed cell volume (19.20 ± 2.91) was lowered than negative animals (25.88 ± 3.82) with significant difference (P = 0.00). The overall apparent density of flies was 1233 (2.34 f/t/d), Out of these 59.4% belong to the genus Glossina and the remaining is shared by two genera namely Stomoxy and Tabanus. The apparent density of Glossina, Stomoxy and Tabanus were 1.43f/t/d, 0.5f/t/d and 0.46 f/t/d respectively were caught, identified and estimated. Higher proportion of fly vectors were identified in lowland areas, riverine vegetation type and wet/rainy season as compared to other areas, vegetation type and season factors. Prevalence of the disease in age and sex categories were had no statistical difference.