Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have recently attracted considerable attention due to their role in host-microbial crosstalk and their link with cardiovascular health. The MEDLINE-PubMed and Elsevier’s Scopus databases were searched up to June 2022 for studies evaluating the association of baseline circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), tryptophan and indole derivatives, with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review after evaluating 1210 non-duplicate records. There were nineteen of the twenty-one studies that were cohort studies and two studies had a nested case–control design. All of the included studies were of high quality according to the “Newcastle–Ottawa Scale”. TMAO was positively associated with adverse cardiovascular events and CVD/all-cause mortality in some, but not all of the included studies. Bile acids were associated with atrial fibrillation and CVD/all-cause mortality, but not with CVD. Positive associations were found between BCAAs and CVD, and between indole derivatives and major adverse cardiovascular events, while a negative association was reported between tryptophan and all-cause mortality. No studies examining the relationship between SCFAs and CVD risk were identified. Evidence from prospective studies included in the systematic review supports a role of microbial metabolites in CVD.

En este artículo se analiza el desarrollo y el proceso de profesionalización de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) en México, desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza. Se realizó una recolección y análisis de los datos públicos del Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Social (Indesol) y el Servicio de Administración Tributaria (sat). Se detectó la existencia de 42 602 osc, lo que representa 3.3 organizaciones por cada 10 000 habitantes en México, dedicadas a 19 actividades que impactan en la atención de problemas públicos. Por lo que es necesario impulsar políticas públicas enfocadas al desarrollo y profesionalización de osc en México, con el propósito de que amplíen su cobertura y sustentabilidad y puedan contribuir significativamente en la gobernanza.

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