One-year survival was 77% (34 of 44 patients) for allogeneic BMT and 52% (9 of 17 patients) for autologous BMT. Seventy-two percent (32 of 44) of allogeneic transplant recipients and 47% (8 of 17) of autologous transplant recipients had liver injury during the first year of BMT. The most frequent causes of liver injury were graft-versus-host disease and drug hepatotoxicity for allogeneic BMT and drug hepatotoxicity for autologous BMT. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in one allogeneic transplant recipient who was a pretransplantation HBV carrier and led to death. Multivariate regression analysis showed that pretransplantation HBV/HCV positivity and pretransplantation elevated liver enzyme levels of any cause were predictive risk factors for post-BMT liver injury, and close follow-up, early diagnosis, and treatment are highly recommended for BMT patients with these risk factors.