The purpose of this survey study was to determine Turkish teachers' attributions of problem behaviors. The participants' (special education teachers) attributions of problem behaviors varied with some teachers showing agreement with a behavioral perspective while others attributed the occurrence of problem behaviors to other factors (e.g., poor parenting, God, the child's disability). Teachers' educational area of specialty and training on behavioral interventions were associated with their beliefs about problem behaviors. Results are discussed in the context of current literature and directions for future researches are suggested.

Inclusion is important for development of social-communication and all skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their participation in social life. In order to carry out a successful inclusion process, preschool teachers have crucial and fundemantal role. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the experiences of eight preschool teachers in Turkey. In other words, challenges faced by preschool teachers and methods used were explored. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed via inductive analysis. The findings show that the teachers experience various difficulties and use various methods, though limited, to handle these difficulties. It is expected that this research will shed light on the current practice and inspire advanced research studies. Moreover, it is predicted that research carried out in different cultures can offer cultural perspectives to the international literature.

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In recent years, many parts of the automotive industry, previously made of metal, has been passed to polymers due to their light weight, ie lower carbon emission and fuel consumption advantage. The aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of chemical foaming agent added polypropylene foam samples produced by injection molding. In particular, the effects of injection speed and core back distance on the evolution of cell diameter, compact outer layer thickness, cell density and mechanical properties were examined. In the first step the effect of various injection speeds (110; 125; 140 mm/s) was investigated. Then, various core back positions (0; 0.7 and 1.5 mm) were analyzed at a constant injection speed (110 mm/s). The results showed an increase of the cell diameter, the compact outer layer thickness and the elastic modulus as the injection speed increases. In addition, an important effect of the core back distance was observed with the presence of a critical core back distance. Below this critical value, the cell diameter and the elastic modulus drop due to a notable decrease of the skin layer thickness. Above this critical value, the cells started to collapse and lose their circularity.