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PurposeTo investigate whether allelic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) is associated with premature rupture of membrane (PROM), the Hp phenotypes of pregnant women with PROM were analyzed.Patients and MethodsThe Hp phenotypes of 221 pregnant Korean women (187 control and 34 PROM patients) were determined by benzidine/hydrogen peroxide staining, following native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin-mixed sera. The Hp allele frequencies were calculated from the data of Hp phenotypes, and overall association with PROM was evaluated using Pearson Chi-Square test.ResultsThe polymorphic distribution of the patients cohort who underwent a normal delivery (control group) was similar to that of healthy Koreans. In contrast, however, patients with PROM showed significantly higher occurrence of the Hp 1-1 phenotype than control group (23.5% vs 8.0%). Hp 2-2 phenotype was lower in PROM cohort (38.2%) than in the control group (48.7%). The Hp1 allele frequency in PROM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.426 vs 0.297, p = 0.034) with odds ratio of 1.762 (95% CI: 1.038 - 2.991).ConclusionThese findings suggest that pregnant Korean women who possess Hp1 allele (expressed as Hp 1-1 phenotype) have higher incidence of PROM than women with Hp2 allele (expressed as Hp 2-2 phenotype). This is the first study that evaluated the significance of Hp polymorphism with respect to the development of PROM.

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Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, suggested the concept of cultural capital to apply it to hierarchical classification which is difficult to explain with economic capital alone. Cultural capital can be defined as the degree of which members or groups of a society possess the ability to recognize or enjoy cultural elements that are highly valued in the society. According to Bourdieu, the upper class consumes high quality culture and the lower class consumes popular culture, so that cultural capital continues class reproduction on a covert level. However, the homology hypothesis that people have cultural tastes that are consistent with their social class goes through a change in American sociology. In the United States, which has a different cultural background from France, it was found that the higher the cultural capital, the more omnivorous cultural consumption pattern occurs, which consumes various popular cultures rather than exclusively consuming high-end cultures. Many similar results have been reported in domestic studies as