La acuicultura ha tenido un gran crecimiento debido a la mayor demanda de productos acuícolas, sin embargo, se ve amenazada por la presencia de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos que generan gran mortalidad y pérdidas económicas. Una alternativa para combatir estos problemas es el uso de bacterió-fagos. Los cuales son virus que infectan en el interior de una bacteria y la lisan. En este artículo se revisa el uso de bacteriófagos como alternativa al uso de antibióticos para combatir infecciones bacte-rianas en la acuicultura. Los bacteriófagos son aislados de mar, ríos, lagos, aguas residuales y muestras de tejido, asimismo estos virus presentan mejor desempeño al suministrarse en el agua respecto al alimento. La posibilidad de eliminar las infecciones provocadas por bacterias patógenas en sistemas acuícolas con cocteles de fagos está siendo un fenómeno notable, debido a que es rentable, ecológico, y seguro tanto para la acuicultura, el ser humano y animales. Sin embargo, existe poca regulación en cuanto a su uso y hay controversia en la fago resistencia. En ese sentido, antes de la aplicación de los fagos a nivel industrial, se necesitan más estudios que determinen ciertos estándares para lograr una mayor productividad, y beneficio económico, ofreciendo productos inocuos y ecológicos.
Aquaculture has had a great growth due to the greater demand for aquaculture products, however, it is threatened by the presence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics that generate high mortality and economic losses. An alternative to combat these problems is the use of bacteriophages. Which are viruses that infect inside a bacterium and lyse it. This article reviews the use of bacteriophages as an alternative to the use of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections in aquaculture. Bacteriophages are isolated from the sea, rivers, lakes, sewage, and tissue samples, and these viruses also perform better when supplied in water than in food. The possibility of eliminating the infections caused by pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture systems with phage cocktails is being a remarkable phenomenon because it is profitable, ecological, and safe for both aquaculture, humans, and animals. However, there is little regulation regarding its use and there is controversy in phage resistance. In this sense, before the application of phages at an industrial level, more studies are needed to determine certain standards to achieve greater productivity and economic benefit, offering safe and ecological products.
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