No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

SWWO is made up of four parts. The first part is to initialize population and a new initialization sequence method is proposed, named NEH_COV, the time complexity of initialization is 𝑂(𝑛 2 ). The second part is the propagation operation.Based on the block-shift operation, the modified BSO, named MBSO, is proposed.The time complexity of the second part is 𝑂(𝑛 2 ). The third part is the refraction operation. There is only one water wave in SWWO. A new solution is obtained by crossing the historical optimal solution with the current solution. The time complexity is 𝑂(𝑚𝑛). The fourth part is the breaking operation. By executing an improved variable neighborhood search, named MVNS, the time complexity is 𝑂(2𝑛 2 ) .According to the analyses above, the time complexity of SWWO under the condition of k times iteration is calculated as follows. 𝑂(𝑘, 𝑚 S2. Evaluation CriterionIn order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and compare the performance with other approaches visually, the average relative percentage deviation (ARPD) was applied to measure the quality of the experimental results. The calculation formula of ARPD is as follows:* * 1