With the development of cancer treatments, it has become a popular research focus that mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have the functional mechanisms that influence cancer progression. One of the underestimated mechanisms is secretion of highly specialized double-membrane structures called exosomes. Mesenchymal stem cells generate several exosomes that may act as paracrine mediators by exchanging genetic information. MSC-derived exosomes are microvesicles ranging from approximately 60-200 nm in size and detected in various body fluids. It has been demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes are involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that as natural nanocarriers, MSC-exosomes are responsible for multidrug resistance mechanisms, reverse effect of radiation injury, and immune regulation, which can be used in clinical applications for cancer therapy. The present review aims to briefly describe the properties and biological functions of MSC-exosomes in cancer progression and its possible clinical applications in the future.

Background: A growing number of evidences suggest that TMZ applications can generate impressive benefits for APT and PC patients. However, the definite role of TMZ for individuals remains unclarified due to the variation between studies. And the predictive factors to alter its efficacy remain debatable.Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety profile of TMZ in the treatment of pituitary malignancies, and delineate the predictors during its clinical employment.Results: A literature retrieval was conducted from online databases for studies published up to December 31, 2020. Twenty one studies involving 429 patients were identified. TMZ exhibited 41% radiological overall response rate (rORR). The biochemical response rate was determinate in 53% of the functioning subset. Two-year and 4-year survival rate were 79 and 61%, respectively. TMZ prolonged the median PFS and OS as 20.18 and 40.24 months. TMZ-related adverse events occurred in 19% of patients. Regarding predictors of TMZ response, rORR was dramatically improved in patients with low/intermediate MGMT expression than those with high-MGMT (>50%) (p < 0.001). The benefit of TMZ varied according to functioning subtype of patients, with greater antitumor activities in functioning subgroups and fewer activities in non-functioning sets (p < 0.001). Notably, the concomitant therapy of radiotherapy and TMZ significantly increased the rORR (p = 0.007).Conclusion: TMZ elicits clinical benefits with moderate adverse events in APT and PC patients. MGMT expression and clinical subtype of secreting function might be vital predictors of TMZ efficacy. In the future, the combination of radiotherapy with TMZ may further improve the clinical outcomes than TMZ monotherapy.

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Supply side reform is an inevitable measure of national economic adjustment under the new normal. As the main force of supply side reform, enterprises should actively seize the opportunity to realize transformation and upgrading, and explore new ways of enterprise value-added. On this basis, this paper puts forward the transformation method of management accounting function structure based on the supply side reform. As the accounting subject, management accounting should further optimize the functional structure, integrate innovative technology and tools, change ideas, adapt to and support the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.