BackgroundVitiligo is a long-term skin disease characterized by the loss of pigment in the skin. The current therapeutic approaches are limited. Although the anti-vitiligo mechanisms of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) remain ambiguous, the herb has been broadly used in Uyghur hospitals to treat vitiligo. The overall objective of the present study aims to identify the potential lead compounds from Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) in the treatment of vitiligo via an oral route as well as the melanogenic mechanisms in the systematic approaches in silico of admetSAR and substructure-drug-target network-based inference (SDTNBI).ResultsThe results showed that the top 5 active compounds with a relatively higher bioavailability that interacted with 23 therapeutic targets were identified in Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) using admetSAR and SDTNBI methods. Among these compounds, Isorhamnetin and Kaempferide, which are methyl-flavonoids, performed 1st and 2nd. Isorhamnetin and Kaempferide significantly increased the expression of melanin-biosynthetic genes (MC1R, MITF, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT) and the tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells. Isorhamnetin and Kaempferide significantly increased the mRNA-expression of melanin-biosynthetic genes (MC1R, MITF, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT), the protein level of MITF and the tyrosinase activity. Based on the SDTNBI method and experimental verification, Isorhamnetin and Kaempferide effectively increased melanogenesis by targeting the MC1R-MITF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway (PPARA, PPARD, PPARG), arachidonic acid metabolism pathway (ALOX12, ALOX15, CBR1) and serotonergic synapses (ALOX12, ALOX15) in the treatment of vitiligo from a network perspective.ConclusionWe identified the melanogenic activity of the methyl-flavonoids Isorhamnetin and Kaempferide, which were successfully predicted in a network pharmacological analysis of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) by admetSAR and SDTNBI methods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-017-0486-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

With the rapid development of the Internet and handle devices rapidly growing popularity, especially 3G / 4G network continues to develop, making the mobile shopping. Mobile Internet and other services are no longer out of reach. Enterprises in order to provide consumers with a better service must proceed from the perspective of consumers. Their double clear consumer mobile shopping and influencing factors have factors on the impact of consumers. Using mobile shopping can develop effective marketing strategy, and actively seeking to develop the road, so as to continuously promote the development of mobile shopping. This paper analyzes the characteristics of mobile shopping behavior of consumers, identifies the factors affecting consumer mobile shopping, and concludes with recommendations for the development of mobile shopping.

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, mobile device activation volume is gradually rising. It already has become a significant consumer market mobile terminal. Under the background of electricity supplier, the role of mobile applications will continue to be strengthened in the mobile providers. Designed with commercial value, there is a practical application of competitive mobile application. Developers have the primary goal. Based on the 360 phone application downloads Charts analysis, the factors affect the mobile application downloads, and finally propose existing App corresponding solutions.

This work extracted the iron-rich phases in aluminium alloy containing the iron of 0.3%, 0.6%, 1%, 0.6%, 2% and 5% respectively, and studied the morphology and the structure of the iron-rich phases by using electrolytic extraction technology. The results showed that the iron-rich phase in aluminium alloy is a large number of alpha - Al3Fe and a small amount of lambda - Al13Fe4; the rich iron phases are distributed in aluminum alloy substrate in three-dimensional space, and its metallographic appearances in different sections present sheet, plate and needle-like structure. High resolution electron microscopy shows that lambda - Al13Fe4 and alpha - Al3Fe are tetrahedral structure, and when iron content is 0.3% - 1%, the iron-rich phase transition of lambda - Al13Fe4 to alpha - Al3Fe is influenced by iron content, and alpha - Al3Fe lattice constants a and c are bigger than that of standard value under 0.3% iron content, and alpha - Al3Fe lattice constant a changes little with the increase of iron content, and the lattice constant c becomes larger along with the increase of iron content, and when the iron content is up to 1%, the lattice constant a and c are gradually stabilized; lambda - Al13Fe4 lattice constant a and c are constant.