The study focused on the application value of ultrasound images processed by restoration algorithm in evaluating the effect of dexmedetomidine in preventing neurological disorder in patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia. 90 patients undergoing tonsillectomy anesthesia were randomly divided into normal saline group, propofol group, and dexmedetomidine group. The ultrasound images were processed by restoration algorithm, and during the postoperative recovery period, ultrasound images were used to evaluate. The results showed that the original ultrasonic image was fuzzy and contained interference noise, and that the image optimized by restoration algorithm was clear, without excess noise, and the image quality was significantly improved. In the dexmedetomidine group, the extubation time was 10.6 ± 2.3 minutes, the recovery time was 8.4 ± 2.2 minutes, the average pain score during the recovery period was 2.6 ± 0.7 , and the average agitation score was 7.2 ± 2.4 . Of 30 patients, there were 13 cases with vertigo and 1 case with nausea and vomiting. The vascular ultrasound imaging showed that, in the dexmedetomidine group, the peak systolic velocities (PSV) of the bilateral vertebral arteries during the recovery period were 67.7 ± 14.3 and 67.9 ± 15.2   cm / s , respectively; the end-diastolic velocities (EDV) of the bilateral vertebral arteries were 27.8 ± 6.7 and 24.69 ± 5.9   cm / s , respectively; the PSV in bilateral internal carotid artery systolic peak velocities were 67.2 ± 13.9 and 67.8 ± 12.7   cm / s , respectively; the EDV in bilateral internal carotid arteries were 27.7 ± 5.3 and 26.9 ± 4.9   cm / s , respectively; bilateral vertebral artery resistance indexes (RIs) were 0.6 ± 0.02 and 0.71 ± 0.08 , respectively; the bilateral internal carotid artery RIs were 0.57 ± 0.04 and 0.58 ± 0.06 , respectively, all better than the normal saline group ( 12.1 ± 2.5 minutes, 10.1 ± 2.3 minutes, 3.9 ± 0.6 , 10.6 ± 3.7 , 15 cases, 11 cases, 81.5 ± 13.6 , 80.7 ± 11.6   cm / s , 29.3 ± 6.8 , 28.9 ± 6.7   cm / s , 74.3 ± 10.2 , 73.9 ± 12.5   cm / s , 29.1 ± 4.3 , 29 ± 4.5   cm / s , 0.84 ± 0.06 , 0.83 ± 0.05 , 0.8 ± 0.04 , and 0.81 ± 0.05 ) and the propofol group ( 11.4 ± 2.1 minutes, 9.0 ± 2.1 minutes, 3.4 ± 0.8 , 8.5 ± 2.3 , 12 cases, 9 cases, 72.5 ± 12.9 , 73.4 ± 11.8   cm / s , 28.6 ± 5.4 , 26.5 ± 5.1   cm / s , 72.1 ± 11.4 , 73.5 ± 10.6   cm / s , 28.8 ± 5.6 , 27.3 ± 4.7   cm / s , 0.78 ± 0.07 , 0.82 ± 0.06 , 0.76 ± 0.03 , and 0.78 ± 0.05 ), and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, ultrasound images processed by restoration algorithm have high image quality and high resolution. The dexmedetomidine can prevent neurological disorder in patients with sevoflurane anesthesia and is suggested in postoperative rehabilitation.