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This study aimed to investigate the impact of compound organic acid (COA) and chlortetracycline (CTC) on serum biochemical parameters, intestinal health, and growth performance of weaned piglets. Twenty-four piglets (24 d of age) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 8 replicate pens (1 piglets per pen). Feed the basal diet or a diet containing 3000 mg/kg COA or 75 mg/kg CTC, respectively. Results showed that both COA and CTC significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and reduced diarrhea rates (P<0.05). They also upregulated serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and downregulated serum interleukin (IL-10) levels (P<0.05), increased crude protein (CP) digestibility and propionic acid concentration in the colon, and decreased spermidine and putrescine contents (P<0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that both COA and CTC increased the Shannon and Chao 1 index, decreased the relative abundance of Blautia and Roseburia, but increased the relative abundance of Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1. Correlation analysis indicated that Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1 may be closely related to inflammation levels and microbial metabolites in piglets. Based on the results, COA may be a potential substitute for CTC to reduce antibiotic use and biogenic amine emission while improving piglet growth and intestinal health.

Under the air pollution environment, the dust enters the electronic products and deposits on the printed circuit boards (PCB) during the service life. Soluble salts in the airborne dust can reduce the critical humidity and increase the ion concentrations on condensed water film on PCB, which has been proven to aggravate the insulation failure of the high-density PCB caused by electrochemical migration (ECM). It is practical application significance for how to establish a life model to evaluate the ECM of PCB under the interaction of soluble salt with temperature, relative humidity, and electric field strength. In this paper, through the temperature humidity bias acceleration experiment, the ECM failure of PCB under the contamination of the different concentrations of NaCl solution is simulated, and the ECM characteristics and failure mechanism are studied through the change of surface insulation resistance (SIR) and the morphology and element compositions of migration products. The time to the insulation failure of PCB under different conditions are obtained by the analysis of SIR curves. Based on the data-driven method, the life modeling of ECM failure of PCB under soluble salt contamination is studied by multivariate non-linear regression and machine learning methods, such as support vector regression, gradient boost regression tree, and random forest regression. It is proved that it is valid to use machine learning to establish the ECM failure life model of PCB in complex environments with limited life data.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different starch source diets on growth performance, intestinal health, and, microbiota of growing pigs.Eighteen healthy "Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire" pigs (50 ± 0.61 kg, Castrated boar) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates and one pig per replicate. The pigs in the three treatments were fed diets prepared with cassava flour (CF), rice bran (RB) and sorghum flour (SF), respectively, and the nutritional levels of the three treatments were the same. The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed that pigs in the RB group had significantly increased average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) compared with pigs in CF and SF groups. Compared with pigs in the CF group, the final body weight (FBW) of growing pigs in the RB group was increased and the ratio of feed to gain (F: G) was decreased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between FBW and F: G between the SF group and the other two groups. Compared with the CF group, the RB group significantly increased the jejunum amylase activity (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the SF group and the other two groups. Compared with growing pigs in the CF group and SF group, the duodenal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio of growing pigs in the RB group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total VFA in the colon and caecum of piglets in the SF group were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to piglets in CF and RB groups, and there was no significant difference between the CF group and RB group. Compared with the RB group, caecal butyric acid concentration was significantly increased in SF and CF groups (p < 0.05). Seven dominant phyla were identified at the phylum level, among which Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were dominant phyla, accounting for 74.18%, 14.87% and 6.56% of the RB group respectively. Cassava flour group accounted for 80.22%, 9.64% and 3.71%; Accounting for 65.33%, 17.34% and 13.07% of the SF group. Through the comparative analysis of microbial differences among the treatment groups, it was found that at the phylum level, compared with the SF group, the abundance of Synergistota in the diet of the CF group and the diet of the RB group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The abundance decreased significantly (p < 0.05).

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