BackgroundOur long-term field survey revealed that the Cardinium infection rate in Bemisia tabaci Q (also known as biotype Q) population was low in Shandong, China over the past few years. We hypothesize that (1) the Cardinium-infected (C +) B. tabaci Q population cannot efficiently compete with the Cardinium-uninfected (C −) B. tabaci Q population; (2) no reproductive isolation may have occurred between C + and C −; and (3) the C − population has higher fitness than the C + population.Methodology and ResultsTo reveal the differences in competitive ability and fitness between the two introduced populations (C + and C −), competition between C + and C − was examined over several generations. Subsequently, the reproductive isolation between C + and C − was studied by crossing C + with C − individuals, and the fitnesses of C + and C − populations were compared using a two-sex life table method. Our results demonstrate that the competitive ability of the C + whiteflies was weaker than that of C −. There is that no reproductive isolation occurred between the two populations and the C − population had higher fitness than the C + population.ConclusionThe competitive ability and fitness differences of two populations may explain why C − whitefly populations have been dominant during the past few years in Shandong, China. However, the potential role Cardinium plays in whitefly should be further explored.

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Thermal stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) remains as one of the critical challenges against the stable operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in direct sunlight with elevated temperatures. Here, we show that the addition of a polystyrene-co-polyacrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer can significantly enhance thermal stability of OIHPs and improve the stability of the corresponding PSCs by suppressing the migration of organic cations in OHIP. The methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) with SAN incorporated within the perovskite layer featured a superior thermal stability compared to pure MAPI without SAN, only displaying an average of 5–15% decrease in PCE even after continuous thermal aging for 24 h at 100 °C. The secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that the thermal degradation of the pure MAPI was largely associated with MA+ out-migration. Conducting atomic force microscopy analysis further indicated that the incorporated SAN led to a suppression of ionic currents present at the grain boundaries of the perovskite film, which was understood by high immiscibility between SAN and MA+ components as confirmed by the experimentally estimated Flory–Huggins parameter between them. This study newly identifies a promising potential of using polymer grain encapsulation for enhancing thermal stability of OIHPs and their solar cell performance by suppressing the out-diffusion of cationic organic components.

Phlebopus portentosus (Berk. and Broome) Boedijn is a favored wild edible mushroom in the Xishuangbanna region, Yunnan, China and Northern Thailand. It belongs to Boletinellaceae family and is known as "black bolete". Its ecological habits and biotrophy are very complicated. It can be saprobic and successfully cultivated in mushroom house conditions. More often it grows closely with many plants, but is not mycorrhizal fungus. It forms a tripartite association with root mealy bugs and plants. The fungus produces special fungus-insect gall with the soil mealy bugs, which is a symbiotic association between these two creatures. The gall grows on plant roots with parasitic tendency. This paper is a compact report of the findings, including taxonomy, ecology, economic and cultivation of this mushroom.

In view of the increasing importance of sports to people and the impact of COVID-19 on people’s lives, home-based exercise has become a popular choice for people to keep fit due to its unique advantages and its popularity is expected to keep growing in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the development direction of home-based exercise and put in the corresponding efforts. However, there is currently a lack of research on all aspects of home-based exercise. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective sustainable development strategy of home-based exercise in China through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) hybrid model. Thirteen factors corresponding to the SWOT analysis were identified through a literature review and expert opinions. The results show that in China the advantages and potential outweigh the weaknesses and threats of home-based exercise. Home-based exercise should grasp the external development opportunities and choose the SO development strategic type that combines internal strengths and external opportunities. As the core for the development of home-based exercise, this strategy should be given priority. To sum up, home-based exercise is believed to have a bright future.